对流层延迟对GPS大地高的影响

分析了对流层延迟的基本特性及常用的处理措施,通过实例表明了不同对流层的处理方法对大地高精度有较大影响:当基线两端高差较大时,即使基线较短,其气象条件也有所差异,仅仅通过差分或模型改正仍不能消除对流层延迟的影响,残余的对流层延迟仍然影响大地高的解算精度,通过对残余对流层延迟进行估计能够明显改善大地高的精度。     

南北地震带和青藏块体东部近期大地形变与地震特征

通过研究南北地震带及青藏块体东部地区２０多年来大地形变场演化特征及其与地震活动的呼应关系，发现大地形变既具有时空分布的不均匀性，各分区形变场又具有同时段的宏观相似性；继承性运动是现代地壳运动的总趋势，而运动方式为波浪式，涌动式推进。地壳运动过程中存在着区域为能积累阶段和释放调整阶段，这可能是地震活动的相对平静与活跃的动力机制。     

Geodetic constraints to the kinematics of the Kapareli fault, reactivated during the 1981, Gulf of Corinth earthquakes

Comparison of historical and of post-seismic triangulation data is used to model vertical crustal movements in the vicinity of the Kapareli Fault (or the Alkynonides earthquakes North Fault), one of the two antithetic normal faults which reactivated during the 1981, Gulf of Corinth (Ms = 6.7) earthquakes. This fault is characterized by a much smaller geomorphological signature than the South (or Perachora) fault of the same seismic sequence. Analysis of geodetic data on the basis of polynomial filtering and elastic dislocation modelling, as well as analysis of structural and coastal change data permits us to conclude that the upper bound in the uncertainty level of most of the available elevation changes is 20–30 cm, usually lower than the corresponding dislocation signal. In addition, the available geodetic data have a systematic pattern and are consistent with structural data. For this reason they permit more precise constraints on the geometry and the role of the Kapareli Fault (or the Alkyonides earthquakes North Fault): its total length is estimated about 17 km, about 50% longer than its surface trace; about 30–40 cm subsidence of its hanging wall, as well as at least 15 cm maximum uplift of its footwall is also inferred. This new evidence suggests that although in the long-term the Kapareli fault may represent a rather secondary, antithetic fault to the Alkyonides earthquakes South (Perachora) fault, during the 1981 earthquakes it probably had a more important structural role.     

Green's function solution to spherical gradiometric boundary-value problems

 Three independent gradiometric boundary-value problems (BVPs) with three types of gradiometric data, {Γ _rr }, {Γ _{r θ},Γ _{r λ}} and {Γ_θθ−Γ_λλ,Γ_θλ}, prescribed on a sphere are solved to determine the gravitational potential on and outside the sphere. The existence and uniqueness conditions on the solutions are formulated showing that the zero- and the first-degree spherical harmonics are to be removed from {Γ _{r θ},Γ _{r λ}} and {Γ_θθ−Γ_λλ,Γ_θλ}, respectively. The solutions to the gradiometric BVPs are presented in terms of Green's functions, which are expressed in both spectral and closed spatial forms. The logarithmic singularity of the Green's function at the point ψ=0 is investigated for the component Γ _rr . The other two Green's functions are finite at this point. Comparisons to the paper by van Gelderen and Rummel [Journal of Geodesy (2001) 75: 1–11] show that the presented solution refines the former solution. Received: 3 October 2001 / Accepted: 4 October 2002     

Local datum definition and geodetic network positioning using global navigation satellite systems

The problem of datum definition as applied to local-area geodetic networks is investigated using data collected from global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). It is shown that the process of double differencing makes the model more sensitive to computational errors that reduce the ability of the satellites alone to control the translation component of the datum definition, and as a result additional regularization is required. Traditionally, datum definition has been accomplished by constraining one station to set coordinates. Alternative regularization strategies are analysed in terms of their effects on positioning and ambiguity resolution. In doing so, processing strategies are developed which can improve the quality of global positioning system (GPS)-based position solutions in geodetic network applications of limited spatial extent, such as high-precision engineering and deformation monitoring networks.     

First-order design of geodetic networks using the simulated annealing method

The general problem of the optimal design for a geodetic network subject to any extrinsic factors, namely the first-order design problem, can be dealt with as a numeric optimization problem. The classic theory of this problem and the optimization methods are revised. Then the innovative use of the simulated annealing method, which has been successfully applied in other fields, is presented for this classical geodetic problem. This method, belonging to iterative heuristic techniques in operational research, uses a thermodynamical analogy to crystalline networks to offer a solution that converges probabilistically to the global optimum. Basic formulation and some examples are studied.     

GPS三维基线向量向大地坐标差的直接转换

推导了ＧＰＳ三维基线向量向大地坐标差直接转换公式,编制出相应的转换程序。     

Accuracy of deflections of vertical determined from discrete solution of the geodetic boundary value problem

Summary The general problem of determining the figure of the earth leads to the solution of the geodetic boundary value problem. By its discrete approximation we obtain the discrete disturbing potential that maintains all properties of the original problem. Thus, the discrete approximation of the disturbing potential can be used in studying the behaviour of the earth's gravity field outside the disturbing masses. The deflections of the vertical are one of the quantities describing the behaviour of the earth's gravity field. A method for their computation from the discrete solution of the geodetic boundary value problem is put forth and estimates for its accuracy are given.     

倾斜断层深部不均匀滑动的反演计算

根据倾斜断层走滑、倾滑及拉张运动产生的地表位移计算公式，利用Ｈａｒｒｉｓ和Ｓｅｇａｌｌ的反演方法，建立了倾斜断层具多个滑动分量的反演模型，编制了相应的计算机程序，实现了利用大地测量资料反演计算不同产状断层深部不同运动方向的滑动速率或滑动量。并以北京地区两条主要活动断层为例进行了计算，获得结果与北京地区区域应力场及断层应力场具有较好的一致性     

不同椭球变换的物理方法

本文采用物理方法讨论不同椭球变换的问题，论证了重力位低阶球谐系数与大地坐标系转换参数的关系，说明几何法转换模型（即大地坐标微分公式）不过是取至二阶次的谐函微分公式，为了提高转换精度，应该采用较高阶次的物理法微分公式（即球面正交多项式）作为不同系统的转换模型。