地震动参数理论预测公式在工程地震中的应用

将地震动参数理论预测公式拟合为工程地震工作中常用的地震动衰减关系形式,并将地震动参数(PGA,PGV)理论衰减关系与美国西部以及用转换方法得到的中国东部地震动衰减关系、唐山和海城地震余震的记录进行了对比。结果表明,地震动参数理论预测公式应用到工程地震工作中是可行的,而且也是需要的     

Estimation of Strong Ground Motion Due to Hypothetical Fault Ruptures and Comparison with Recorded Values: The Zakynthos,Western Greece Earthquake of 18 November 1997

In the present study, distribution of the seismic acceleration at base rock level has been computed for the Zakynthos (Western Greece) M_s = 6.6 earthquake of 18 November 1997, using a semi-empirical approach, taking into consideration the shape and dimension of the fault as well as the direction of the rupture propagation. Considering the geological conditions of the region under investigation and a simplifiedamplification factor, the distribution of peak ground acceleration is obtained. The results derived in this study are based on the amplification factors and velocity response spectra observed in Japan. To get more realistic results we also incorporated in our model attenuation factors obtained by using data from earthquakes in Greece. Different sets of results are compared with peak ground acceleration values recorded by instruments installed in the investigated area and the validity of the applied method is discussed.     

Seismic attenuation tomography in frequency domain and its application to engineering

Seismic tomography is a new geophysical technique being developed to meet the needs of mining and engineering projects. Attenuation tomography, as one kind of seismic tomography technique, is a powerful prospecting tool for determining structure defaults such as fault, broken zone, and hidden voids, but it has been little discussed up to now. Its principle and applications are presented in detail. Attenuation tomography technology includes the following main points. First, on the basis of spectrum analysis to each seismic record, geometric correction is conducted, then common source parameters are introduced into common shot records in order to keep absorption effect of the geological media separate from source spectrum influence. Finally, an equation set is obtained which consists of absorption coefficients, common source parameters and energy field data observed. This technique can be employed together with velocity tomography to provide more evidence for engineering and geological diagnosis. Its applications to exploration of mineral and engineering have led to satisfactory results.     

Flow behaviour of the submarine glacigenic debris flows on the Bear Island Trough Mouth Fan, western Barents Sea

Using 3·5 kHz high-resolution seismic data, gravity cores and side-scan sonar imagery, the flow behaviour of submarine, glacigenic debris flows on the Bear Island Trough Mouth Fan, western Barents Sea was studied. During their downslope movement, the sediments within the uppermost part of the debris flows (<3 m) are inferred to have been deformed as a result of the shear stress at the debris–water interface. Thus, the uppermost part of the flow did not move downslope as a rigid plug. If present, a rigid part of the flow was located at least some metres below the surface. At c . 1000 to at least 1600 m water depth, the debris flows eroded and probably incorporated substrate debris. Further downslope, the debris flows moved passively over substrate sediments. The hypothesis of hydroplaning of the debris flow front may explain why the debris flows moved across the lower fan without affecting the underlying sediments. Detailed morphological information from the surface of one of the debris flow deposits reveals arcuate ridges. These features were probably formed by flow surge. Hydroplaning of the debris flow front may also explain the formation of flow surge. The long runout distance of some of the large debris flows could be due to accretion of material to the base of the debris flow, thereby increasing in volume during flow, and/or to hydroplaning suppressing deceleration of the flow.     

地震崩滑预测方法及其工程应用研究

在对我国已有地震崩塌和滑坡资料 (简称崩滑 )的研究分析基础上 ,提出适用于我国西部地区地震崩滑的由粗至细、分级预测地震崩滑的方法。 1 )建立地震崩滑最大震中距 ( Rm)与地震震级 ( Ms)间关系的初判准则 ;2 )综合考虑岩性、结构类型、地形、气象、地震等因素对地震崩滑的共同作用 ,并对不同因素的主次作用进行区分和量化 ,建立预测地震崩滑的再判准则。并用 1 996年 2月 3日丽江 7.0级地震引发的地震崩塌和滑坡实例对此预测方法进行了验证。     

风化花岗岩声谱特征分析

岩石材料可视为声波的天然低通滤波器 ,声波在不同力学性质岩石材料中传播时 ,由于岩石对声波吸收程度不等因而高频声波滤除状况也不同。接收波中频率丰富程度与岩 石 的力学性质密切相关,岩石力学强度愈高,声谱中高频成分就愈丰富。反之,声谱中主要为 低频,高频分量因衰减而缺失。实验采用全数字化DB4型多波参数分析仪和计算机,对波形 数据进行FFT分析,通过接收谱和频率响应的特征来研究岩石的力学性质。声衰减研究可为 岩石、岩体强度和综合评价提供更多、更可靠的信息,是解决工程地质风化岩问题研究的一 种可行方法。     

采场支承压力分布规律的数值模拟研究

采用FLAC-3D软件模拟了在煤层开采过程中采场支承压力的动态变化、依据数值模拟结果,拟合了支承压力集中系数与工作面推进距离的关系曲线。通过对比分析模拟结果,得出了工作面推进距离和长度及煤层的厚度和埋藏深度对支承压力集中系数和支承压力峰值点距工作面距离的影响程度,进而总结出采场支承压力分布规律,这些规律可为采场巷道维护、防治煤与瓦斯突出和顶煤可放性评价提供依据。     

波面极大值处水质点水平加速度的统计分布

基于 L onguet- Higgins线性海浪模型 ,在二维情况下导出海浪波面极大值处水质点水平加速度分布律 ,其分布遵从正态分布。在分布中引入新的谱宽度参量 [(m2 m4 - m23 ) / m2 m4 ]12 。以Neumann谱为模式计算波面极大值处质点加速度分布。     

On the existence of differences in luminosity between horizontal branch stars in globular clusters and in the field

The discrepancy between a long distance-scale derived from Hipparcos -based distances to globular clusters via main-sequence fitting to local subdwarfs, and a short distance-scale derived from the absolute magnitude of field RR Lyraes via statistical parallaxes and the Baade–Wesselink method could be accounted for whether an intrinsic difference of about ∼0.1–0.2 mag was found to exist between horizontal branch (HB) stars populating the sparse general field and the dense globular clusters. In this paper we discuss the possible existence of such a systematic difference comparing the period-shifts observed for field and cluster RR Lyraes. Various approaches based on different parameters and data sets for both cluster and field variables were used in order to establish the size of such a hypothetical difference, if any. We find that on the whole very small not significant differences exist between the period–metallicity distributions of field and cluster RR Lyraes, thus confirming with a more quantitative approach, the qualitative conclusions by Catelan . This observational evidence translates into a very small difference between the horizontal branch luminosity of field and cluster stars, unless RR Lyraes in globular clusters are about 0.06 M_⊙ more massive than field RR Lyraes at same metallicity, which is to be proven.