Estimation of the transports through the Strait of Gibraltar

An acoustic doppler current profiler (ADCP) is used to measure the currents and estimate the transports over the Camarinal Sill at the Strait of Gibraltar. The deepest measurements of the ADCP compare well with an underlying conventional current meter. The exchange interface between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean water is defined as the depth of the maximum vertical shear. The mean depth of the shear interface is 147 m. The time series of the depth of the interface and the currents are used to estimate the transports across the Strait. The resulting values are 0.78 Sv for the Atlantic inflow and −0.67 Sv for the Mediterranean outflow. The time series of the shear interface include fortnightly oscillations of 19 m. The time series of the transports are compared with the pressure and sea level difference records across the Strait. Linear multiple regression is used to estimate the (statistical) contribution of each parameter on the variation of transports. The cross strait sea level difference is well correlated with the Atlantic inflow and accounts for 57% of the variability of the transport records which improves to 78% when the fortnightly and monthly cycles are included in the linear regression. The Mediterranean outflow is best correlated with the along strait sea level difference which accounts for only 10% of the variability of the transport record. Again the addition of the M_sf and the MM cycles improves the percentage of the variance accounted for to 37%. The local, along strait wind component is significantly correlated with, both the Atlantic inflow and the across strait sea level difference.     

Studies on ecological characteristics variation and population dynamics of four lizardfishes in the southern Taiwan Straits

The ecological characteristics of four lizardfishes, Trachinocephalus myops, Saurida undosquamis, Saurida tumbil and Saurida elongata, were studied from specimens (910 T. myops, 454 S. un-dosquamis, 686 S. tumbil and 744 S. elongata) collected monthly in the southern Taiwan Straits from April 2005 to March 2006. The population dynamics of the four lizardfishes was also discussed by the comparison with the previous studies. All being composed of 7 a classes; the dominant group of T. myops and S. tumbil was 1-2 a, while S. undosquamis and S. elongate were 2-3 a. The total mortality coefficient Z and the fishing mortality F were at high as indicated by the exploitation ratio E(>0.5), and a large number of by-caught juvenile and young fishes showing that the stock of lizardfishes in this area was overexploited and the fishing gear was irrational. Compared with the previous studies, the maximum and mean fork length, body mass and age of the four lizard-fishes declined gradually, the lizardfishes populations were younger in age and smaller in size. The asymptotic fork length L_∞ decreased while increasing growth coefficient k, and age at the inflexion point of mass t_r was younger compared with the previous studies. The declining of older ones has moderated the feeding competition and the younger ones grew faster. The larger mortality param-eters Z,M and F have revealed higher fishing pressure. The smaller change of the first mature fork length of female T. myops and the change from K selection pattern to r selection pattern of S. tumbil have indicated a more vulnerable fishery ecosystem in this area. The changes of ecological characteristics and population dynamics may be caused by over-exploitation of demersal fishes such as the lizardfishes, especially a large number of juvenile and young fishes by-catch by the current fishing gears and methods. Therefore, in addition to the traditional fishery management approach such as the minimum length-limit, ecosystem approach to fisheries management (EAF) should be taken to improve the practical marine ecosystem management, including increased fishing intensity of the non-economic species especially the feeding competitors of the lizardfishes and the conser-vation of the pelagic fishery population in the fisheries ecosystem, in order to restore the fishery population and achieve the sustainable use of the fishery stocks.     

Bridges,Tunnels and Their Relationship to the Economic Development on Both Sides of Taiwan Strait

The construction of bridges and tunnels plays an important role in the social and economic development of cities and local regions. The planning of the bridge and tunnel across Taiwan Straits will have a positive effect on the economic development at each stage: preplanning, engineering construction, and the completion of the project. The two sides of Taiwan Straits have the advantage of a suitable location, consanguineous relationship, and appropriate geographic conditions. Currently, there are many economic and cultural communications between both sides of the Straits. The bridge and tunnel from Xiamen to Jinmen can be regarded as the beginning of the “golden link belt.” The total capability for sustainable development of Fujian Province ranks the sixth among 31 provinces in China, which will provide powerful support for the construction of the bridge and tunnel.     

近代海图的更新机制

以近代英国出版的一份刊物《海军纪事》(The Naval Chronicle,1799—1818年)为研究对象,讨论了以该期刊为平台的一系列有关海图质量和航海科学的通信.以围绕加斯帕尔海峡和弗里奥角的通信为例,以处于更新过程中的海图,或对航海节点地物经纬度的商议和推算,展现了发表于《海军纪事》上的通信与海图及地理知识进...     

Modeling of marine litter drift and beaching in the Japan Sea

Characteristics of drift and beaching of floating marine litter in the Japan Sea are examined numerically using the reanalysis data of the Japan Sea Forecasting System of Kyushu University. The residence time of model marine litter deployed uniformly over the surface of the Japan Sea strongly depends on the buoyancy ratio. However, almost all litter beaches or flows out through straits within 3 years. Experiments with inputs of litter imposed at large cities and the Tsushima Straits as well as river basins of the Japan Sea exhibit a good agreement with beach surveys with regard to country ratios of beached litter along the Japanese coast in cases of lighters. In a case of lighter, almost all lighters originating from Japan beach along the Japanese coast, while almost all lighters originating from a country surrounding the Japan Sea except Japan beach along the coast of that country and the Japanese coast.     

台湾海峡深地震探测：HX9测线试验及初步成果

利用海上大容量气枪震源、陆上地震台站（包括流动台站和固定台站）和海底地震仪首次在台湾海峡地区开展了深地震探测试验。试验结果表明, “延平2号”科考船气枪枪阵信号最远传播距离达280km, 成功获得了数万道高质量的地震数据, 并且识别了不同类型的P波震相。HX9剖面一维地壳结构模型表明, 由2个速度间断面产生的Pc及PmP两组反射波和基底折射波(Pg）所反映的地壳结构构成了该区基本的地壳结构特征, 康拉德界面和莫霍界面的深度分别为16.0～17.5 、28.0～29.5km。     

海峡西岸城市群旅游经济网络演化的动力机制与因果组合配置

以海峡西岸城市群为例,通过修正引力模型构建旅游经济网络,依托“增长极”理论,运用QAP和地理探测器分析方法,探讨旅游经济网络驱动因素,并运用fsQCA方法探讨其因果组合配置策略。结果如下：(1)海峡西岸城市群旅游经济网络空间结构呈东部沿海地区网络相对密集、中西部网络稀疏特征。(2)地区经济水平、对外开放程度是其核心驱动因素;各影响因子对促进旅游经济空间发展的影响强度均较高。(3)地理探测器分析结果显示,各影响因素在旅游经济网络系统中处相对优势地位,旅游经济空间发展核心驱动因素明显,其中,以地区GDP、对外开放程度最为突出,这也体现为旅游需求不断提升以及旅游供给向高质量方向发展的趋势。研究最终识别出两种因果组合配置方案。本研究有助于实现区域旅游经济空间发展优化及管理。     

Volume Transport through the Tsushima Straits Estimated from Sea Level Difference

The relations between the volume transport and the sea level difference across the Tsushima Straits have been investigated using current data provided by ADCP mounted on the ferry Camellia, plying between Hakata and Pusan. Empirical formulas to deduce the volume transports using the sea level differences across the eastern and western channels are proposed, considering the seasonal variation of the vertical current structure. The interannual variation of volume transport through the Tsushima Straits for 37 years from 1965 to 2001 is estimated using the empirical formulas. The total volume transport through the Tsushima Straits, averaged for 37 years, is 2.60 Sv and those of the eastern and western channels are 1.13 Sv and 1.47 Sv, respectively. The total volume transport through the Tsushima Straits tends to decrease with a roughly 15 year variation until 1992, then begins to increase.     

Preliminary Analysis of Seismic Risk in Taiwan Strait and Study on Feasibility of Construction of Tunnel Across the Strait

The collision between Eurasian and Pacific plates along the eastern margin of the Asian continent resulted in formation of a series of island-arcs, one of which is the Taiwan Island-arc, and the Taiwan Straits is a foreland basin in the continent-arc collision zone. The Quaternary fine-grained sediments occur evenly in the upper part of the basin, and the Pliocene deposits in the lower part. The stepped faults run in the deposits, indicating that the tectonic movement tended to weaken after the Pliocene. Strong seismic zones of Taiwan Island released large amount of plate overthrust-collision compressive stress and have their screen and prevention roles for the straits. Only the intersections between offshore NW-trending transform-like faults and seashore NE-trending faults on the southern and northern terminations of the Island are prone to strong earthquakes. The possibility of occurrence of M ≥ 6 earthquake should be very low in the area for the planned future tunnel. Moreover, the seismic intensity is rapidly attenuated from the surface downward. Thus, the seismic intensity for the tunnel under the seabed will be much lower. In seismotectonic view, the construction of tunnel is feasible.     

琼州海峡冬末春初潮余流场特征

1995年2月26日至3月6日,在琼州海峡的新海一四塘断面上,大小潮期间进行15条船同步测流.该断面上涨潮流速普遍大于落潮流速,实测最大涨潮流速为172cm/s,最大落潮流速为142cm/s;大潮期间北部6个站全层平均余流速度为18.4cm/s.海峡中间3个站0～20m层平均流速为18.3cm/s,南部6个站平均余流速度为10.2m/s.中间和北部诸站余流方向指向W一S范围,南部6个站因受地形影响,流向指向NE.用数值计算方法,再现了大小潮期间琼州海峡整个潮流场.大潮期间,通过西断面(灯楼角──玉苞角)落潮流总通量为4.73×1010m3,涨潮流总通量为4.29×1010m3;通过东断面(东营──龙塘镇)落潮流总通量为5.22×1010m3,涨潮流总通量为4.90×1010m3,其净通量,西、东断面分别为0.43×1010和0.32×1010m3,其方向指向西.