基于TRACK的GPS海浪测量方法

针对现有GPS海浪测量技术的不足,提出基于TRACK的GPS海浪测量方法,即利用TRACK解得海上载体高精度的垂向位移,经浪潮分离提取海浪信号,采用周期图法估计海浪信号的功率谱,计算海浪要素。利用实测数据进行实验,结果表明,平均波高和平均周期与测波仪结果差异分别小于2 cm和0.25 s,验证了本文方法的有效性。     

联合GPS与重力资料反演福建地区地壳运动

联合福建省近几年的GPS基本网、基准站观测数据和重力复测数据,反演福建块体的分块运动参数和主要活动断裂运动状态。结果显示,受欧亚板块、菲律宾海板块和太平洋板块相互碰撞的影响,福建地区块体的运动样式大体呈现顺时针方向的运动,造成北东向断裂作左旋走滑运动,而北西向断裂以右旋走滑为主。其中,长乐-诏安断裂带、邵武-河源断裂带和永安-晋江断裂带是块体内最活跃的断裂带,其左旋走滑速率分别为0.7±1.3、0.7±1.7和0.6±1.8mm/a,九龙江下游断裂带具有0.5±1.7mm/a的右旋走滑速率。     

导航卫星非差精密定轨测站选取策略分析

推导了测站分布对定轨精度影响的公式,提出一种兼顾测站数量、观测数据质量以及测站地理分布的测站选取策略。利用IGS和iGMAS全球观测网数据,设计了3种不同的测站分布方案,进行GPS精密定轨实验。结果表明,使用30个全球均匀分布的测站,GPS三维定轨精度能达到6.0 cm左右|使用40个全球均匀分布的测站,GPS三维定轨精度能达到3.5 cm的水平|使用50个全球均匀分布的测站,GPS三维定轨精度能达到2.8 cm以内|超过50个的测站对GPS定轨精度提高基本上没有贡献。     

向错-位错组合模型模拟渭河盆地地壳水平变形特征

基于向错-位错组合模型模拟渭河盆地内主要断层的滑动与转动运动变形,通过数值计算获得断层滑动及转动变形引起的地表水平位移,并与盆地内实测GPS水平位移进行了对比。结果表明:采用向错-位错组合模型能够完整地描述断层实际的滑动与转动运动变形状态,组合模型模拟断层滑动与转动引起的地表水平位移与实测GPS水平位移,无论在量级或是运动趋势上均具有较好的一致性特征。     

GPS授时地震仪走时误差校正

受制造成本和工艺的限制,GPS授时地震仪中的守时晶振不可避免地会有频率误差,继而在数据采集过程中,随着采集时间的增加,各台站之间会出现采集不同步现象。介绍了Akima分段多项式插值重采样方法及其在GPS授时地震仪时间校正中的应用。通过对理论数据与实际数据的Akima插值重采样试验表明,Akima插值重采样方法可应用于GPS授时地震仪走时误差校正,是一种简便、高效、保形性好的插值重采样方法。      

煤层气井流体原位实时监测仪

煤层气生产过程中,需要随时了解和掌握煤层气井的产水、产气、液面高度等各项参数,以便根据生产阶段的需要及时调整生产参数,使煤层气井的生产处于最佳状态。目前国内煤层气抽采过程中仅能单独测量压力、温度、液位等参数,并不能检测每个层位的产气产水量,因此为了达到长期同时监测不同层位煤层的目的,设计了煤层气井流体原位实时监测仪。该监测仪不仅能测量温度、压力等参数,还可结合地面测得的气、水流量,分别得出不同层位煤层的产气产水量,为煤层气开采方法的确定提供科学依据,有利于提高煤层气抽采率。      

附加电离层延迟约束的实时动态PPP快速重新初始化方法

传统模式下,由于卫星信号中断等原因导致的实时动态PPP重新初始化问题将严重影响PPP的实际应用效果.针对上述问题,本文提出了一种有效的解决思路,首先设计了电离层延迟变化预报模型,并提出预报信息的定权方法,进而将上述预报结果作为虚拟观测值,联合历元间/星间差分观测数据估计得到周跳参数浮点解,并尝试固定,从而实现PPP快速重新初始化.该方法通过实现电离层预报结果权重的自适应确定,改善了参数估计结果的精度,提高了周跳修复成功率及可靠性.利用不同区域和不同时期的大量观测数据分析表明,周跳修复效果与测站位置、太阳活动及中断时长存在密切关系,当中断时间较短（90 s以内）时,均可以获得较高的成功率,平均达到90%以上,由此验证了本方法的有效性;随着中断时长进一步增大,不同地区和太阳活动情形下的修复效果存在显著差异,纬度越低,太阳活动越剧烈,成功率越低.     

汶川地震同震形变场的GPS和InSAR邻轨平滑校正与断层滑移精化反演

为克服InSAR观测汶川地震同震形变场的邻轨不连续问题,提出联合GPS观测值与邻轨平滑约束的同震位移校正方法,采用GPS观测形变去除PALSAR轨道误差引入的残留平地相位,基于形变平滑条件校正邻轨干涉相位的不连续性.ALOS/PALSAR干涉处理结果表明,校正后同震形变场的准确度与平滑性得以显著提高,InSAR高相干点残差达3.6 cm,校正后精度提高约60%,低相干点精度提高约40%,校正后形变场的邻接平滑因子标准差减小约33%,验证了轨道误差校正与邻轨平滑约束方法的准确性与可靠性.进一步基于弹性半空间位错模型的断层滑移反演结果表明,断层滑移主要分布于映秀、北川和青川地区,集中于地壳深度0~16 km范围,最大滑动量（位于北川县城）约为9.0 m,GPS反演模型残差为5.5 cm,InSAR反演模型残差达9.2 cm,InSAR反演精度约有30%的显著提高,由模型反演计算得到的地震矩为8.0469×10²⁰ N·m.     

Kinematic interaction factors of deep foundations with inclined piles

The beneficial or detrimental role of battered piles on the dynamic response of piled foundations has not been yet fully elucidated. In order to shed more light on this aspect, kinematic interaction factors of deep foundations with inclined piles, are provided for single‐battered piles, as well as for 2 × 2 and 3 × 3 groups of piles subjected to vertically incident plane shear S waves. Piles are modelled as linear‐elastic Bernoulli beams, whereas soil is assumed to be a linear, isotropic, homogeneous viscoelastic half‐space. Different pile group configurations, pile‐soil stiffness ratios, and rake angles are considered. The relevance and main trends observed in the influence of the rake angle on the kinematic interaction factors of the analysed foundations are inferred from the presented results. An important dependence of the kinematic interaction factors on the rake angle is observed together with the existence of an inclination angle at which cap rotation and excitation become out of phase in the low‐to‐mid frequency range. The existence of a small batter angle that provides minimum cap rotation is also shown. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Kinematic model of crustal deformation of Fenwei basin,China based on GPS observations

Using high precision GPS data for the period of 1999–2007 from the China Crustal Movement Observation Network, we have constructed a plate kinematic model of crustal deformation of Fenwei basin, China. We have examined different kinematic models that can fit the horizontal crustal deformation of the Fenwei basin using three steps of testing. The first step is to carry out unbiasedness and efficiency tests of various models. The second step is to conduct significance tests of strain parameters of the models. The third step is to examine whether strain parameters can fully represent the deformation characteristics of the 11 tectonic blocks over the Fenwei basin. Our results show that the degree of rigidity at the Ordos, Hetao, Yinshan and South China blocks is significant at the 95% confidence level, indicating the crustal deformation of these blocks can be represented by a rigid block model without the need to consider differential deformation within blocks. We have demonstrated that homogeneous strain condition is suitable for the Yinchuan basin but not for other 6 blocks. Therefore, inhomogeneous strains within blocks should be considered when establishing the crustal deformation model for these blocks. We have also tested that not all of the quadratic terms of strain parameters are needed for the Yuncheng-Linfen block. Therefore, four kinds of elastic kinematic models that can best represent the detailed deformation characteristics of the 11 blocks of Fenwei basin are finally obtained. Based on the established model, we have shown that the current tectonic strain feature of the Fenwei basin is mainly characterized by tensile strain in the NW–SE direction, and the boundaries betweem the Ganqing and Ordos blocks and the Shanxi graben possess the maximum shear strain. A comparison between our results and past geological and geophysical investigations further confirms that the model established in this paper is reasonable.