小波技术在GPS基线解算数据预处理中的应用

采用小波技术对GPS观测数据进行处理。应用小波变换技术对GPS相位观测值进行周跳的探测和修复。GPS相位观测值可以作为时间序列来进行分析,作为时间函数,它所表现出来的是一条光滑度很好的曲线,一旦出现周跳,这种光滑性就被破坏,从发生周跳的历元开始,后继相位观测值序列发生等量阶跃,通过小波变换的信号特性检测原理,能够有效地探测出周跳的发生,这种方法对于缩小模糊度搜索空间及提高模糊度解的有效性有明显的作用,从而提高基线解算的精度。     

基于GPS数据的浑河断裂带抚顺市区段现今活动性定量分析

浑河断裂带是深大断裂-郯庐断裂的北延分支,横贯抚顺市区,在断裂带之上及其两侧建有诸多大型工矿企业及民用建筑,断裂带的稳定与否关系到抚顺市的城市安全。近期,浑河断裂带抚顺市区段的个别次级断裂发生活动,并已造成严重的城市建筑破坏。局部断裂活动的成因,为城市决策者所关注。本文利用抚顺市城市平面控制网相隔17a的两期GPS测量数据,应用大地形变分析的理论方法,对浑河断裂带抚顺市区段的稳定性进行了定量分析,得出结论:浑河断裂带抚顺市区段的宏观地质构造在此期间活动性不明显。     

基于GPS的四川地区现时地壳形变分析

对四川区域网多年数据进行处理,得到欧亚框架下的测站运动速度,采用刚性地块假设下的最小二乘拟合方法,得到川滇、川青、扬子地块的运动速度分别为(17.6±1.0)mm/a、(11.4±0.7)mm/a、(9.6±1.1)mm/a,地块运动方向逐渐由SE向SEE变化;作为川滇地块东边界的鲜水河断裂、安宁河-则木河断裂运动速度远大于龙门山断裂,显示了其较强的活动性。     

项目后评价在水利工程建设中的应用初探

项目后评价,是项目生命周期的最后一个流程。实施项目后评价,及时总结项目建设的成功经验和失败教训,对于优化以后类似项目的建设程序,提高决策水平、管理水平和投资效果都有着重要的意义。当前国内项目后评价中尚存在一些突出问题:没有将后评价和前评估区分开;后评估系统的独立性不够;后评估的实施部门缺乏必要的调查核实手段,选取的数据资料面窄、量小、时间期限短,缺乏应有的代表性。针对上述问题并结合水利项目自身特点,提出相应的对策和建议。     

Bringing GPS into harsh environments for fully automated deformation monitoring

Engineering projects that require deformation monitoring frequently utilize geodetic sensors to measure displacements of target points located in the deformation zone. In situations where control stations and targets are separated by a kilometer or more, GPS can offer higher precision position updates at more frequent intervals than can normally be achieved using total station technology. For large-scale deformation projects requiring the highest precision, it is therefore advisable to use a combination of the two sensors. In response to the need for high precision, continuous GPS position updates in harsh deformation monitoring environments, a software has been developed that employs triple-differenced carrier-phase measurements in a delayed-state Kalman filter. Two data sets were analyzed to test the capabilities of the software. In the first test, a GPS antenna was displaced using a translation stage to mimic slow deformation. In the second test, data collected at a large open pit mine were processed. It was shown that the delayed-state Kalman filter developed could detect millimeter-level displacements of a GPS antenna. The actual precision attained depends upon the amount of process noise infused at each epoch to accommodate the antenna displacements. Higher process noise values result in quicker detection times, but at the same time increase the noise in the solutions. A slow, 25 mm displacement was detected within 30 min of the full displacement with sigma values in E, N and U of ±10 mm or better. The same displacement could also be detected in less than 5 h with sigma values in E, N and U of ±5 mm or better. The software works best for detecting long period deformations (e.g., 20 mm per day or less) for which sigma values of 1–2 mm are attained in all three solution components. It was also shown that the triple-differenced carrier-phase observation can be used to significantly reduce the effects of residual tropospheric delay that would normally plague double-differenced observations in harsh GPS environments.

Spin rate estimation of sounding rockets using GPS wind-up

Carrier phase wind-up is a well-known effect that arises from the relative rotation between a transmitting and receiving antenna. In GPS measurements at L1 frequency, this effect translates into an error of 19.029 cm per full relative rotation of antennas. Since this effect is independent of the satellite elevation for pure rotation about the antenna boresight axis, it is usually absorbed by the clock estimation in navigation algorithms. Therefore, the impact of wind-up is usually neglected for applications that do not require accuracies to the cm level like RTK. However, in receiving platforms with high rotation rate, the accumulated wind-up value can be important and actually be larger than receiver noise or even ionospheric variations. Therefore, in such scenarios, the wind-up contribution can be isolated and used as a source of information to compute the spin rate of such platforms using an appropriate combination of GPS observables. This work shows some results of a coarse, yet simple, approach to monitor the rotation angle and spin-rate of spin stabilized sounding rockets flown by DLR.     

Using GPS multipath to measure soil moisture fluctuations: initial results

Measurements of soil moisture are important for studies of climate and weather forecasting, flood prediction, and aquifer recharge studies. Although soil moisture measurement networks exist, most are sparsely distributed and lack standardized instrumentation. Measurements of soil moisture from satellites have extremely large spatial footprints (40–60 km). A methodology is described here that uses existing networks of continuously-operating GPS receivers to measure soil moisture fluctuations. In this technique, incoming signals are reflected off and attenuated by the ground before reception by the GPS receiver. These multipath reflections directly affect signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) data routinely collected by GPS receivers, creating amplitude variations that are a function of ground reflectivity and therefore soil moisture content. After describing this technique, multipath reflection amplitudes at a GPS site in Tashkent, Uzbekistan are compared to estimates of soil moisture from the Noah land surface model. Although the GPS multipath amplitudes and the land surface model are uncalibrated, over the 70-day period studied, they both rise sharply following each rainfall event and slowly decrease over a period of ∼10 days.     

GPS signal acquisition using the repeatability of successive code phase measurements

This paper introduces a new method for GPS signal acquisition, which is based on the repeatability of successive code phase measurements and the M-of-N search algorithm. The performance of the proposed method in terms of probability of signal detection is similar to that of traditional methods, except that the calculation of the probability of detection does not rely on the noise distribution or the Carrier-to-Noise ratio (C/N₀). The code phase repeatability-based method is presented along with equations for probability of detection and probability of false detection. If the distribution of the noise is known, it also provides an estimate of the C/N₀. The proposed method is illustrated for coherent and non-coherent acquisition and C/N₀ estimation.     

公交车站台智能显示牌系统设计与实现——以南充市的一个站台为例

介绍了一种基于GIS/GPS/GSM技术的实时显示公交车运动状态和时间的电子显示牌设计方案。以南充市为例,在利用GPS系统对车辆精确定位的基础上,采用GSM无线通讯网关实现消息的传输,并在电子地图上实时的显示出公交车辆的位置、状态和各路公交车到达客人所在目的站点所需用的时间,方便人们更有效快捷地选择交通工具。本文重点分析了系统的各组成部分的功能和实现方式,最后采用VC++6.0和MapXtreme2004开发实现了该系统。     

河南省南召县梅子垛铁矿矿床成矿地质特征及矿石加工技术性能

2005～2007年,在河南省南召县白土岗-南河店-带发现数十个风化花岗闪长岩型超贫磁铁矿床。矿体的形态、产状、规模与花岗闪长岩体基本一致,矿石类型、成分简单,磁性铁品位2．79～13．28％,平均9．02％,矿石易采易选,在当前经济技术条件下,开采该类矿床具较好经济效益。笔者以梅子垛铁矿为例分析说明该类矿床成矿地质特征及矿石加工技术性能。