CHARACTERISTICS OF SATELLITE GRAVITY FIELD AND SEISMOGENIC MECHANISM IN THE LONGMENSHAN FAULT ZONE

Longmenshan fault zone is a famous orogenic belt and seismic zone in the southeastern Tibetan plateau of China. The Wenchuan M_S8.0 earthquake on May 12, 2008 and the Ya'an M_S7.0 earthquake on April 20, 2013 occurred in the central-southern part of Longmenshan fault zone. Because of its complex geological structures, frequent earthquakes and special geographical locations, it has attracted the attention of many scholars around the world. Satellite gravity field has advantages in studying gravity field and gravity anomaly changes before and after earthquake. It covers wide range, can be updated regularly, without difficulty in terms of geographical restrictions, and is not affected by environmental factors such as weather, terrain and traffic. Therefore, the use of high-precision Earth satellite gravity field data inversion and interpretation of seismic phenomena has become a hot topic in earth science research. In order to understand satellite gravity field characteristics of the Longmenshan earthquake zone in the southeastern Tibetan plateau and its seismogenic mechanism of earthquake disasters, the satellite gravity data was used to present the terrain information of the study area. Then, by solving the regional gravity anomaly of the Moho surface, the crustal thickness of the study area was inverted, and the GPS velocity field data was used to detect the crustal deformation rate and direction of the study area. Combining the tectonic setting of the Longmenshan fault zone and the existing deep seismic sounding results of the previous researchers, the dynamic characteristics of the gravity time-varying field after the earthquake in the Longmenshan earthquake zone was analyzed and the mechanism of the earthquake was explored. The results show that the eastward flow of deep materials in the eastern Tibetan plateau is strongly blocked at the Longmenshan fault zone. The continuous collision and extrusion process result in a "deep drop zone" in the Moho surface, and the long-term stress effect is conducive to the formation of thrust-nappe and strike-slip structures. The Longmenshan earthquake zone was in the large-scale gradient zone of gravity change before the earthquake, the deep plastic fluid material transport velocity differed greatly, the fluid pressure was enhanced, and the rock mechanical strength in the seismic source region was weakened, which contributed to the intrusion of crustal fluid and the upwelling of the asthenosphere. As a result, the continuous accumulation of material and energy eventually led to continuous stress imbalance in the deep part and shear rupture of the deep weak structure, causing the occurrence of the thrust-nappe and strike-slip earthquake.     

基于高斯距离加权格网法研究华北地区地壳形变特征

分析了高斯距离加权格网法计算应变率的原理和特征,研制了相应的计算程序,并用于华北地区现今地壳应变特征研究。基于华北地区1999～2009年的GPS观测结果,研究了确定高斯平滑半径的原则和方法,并给出华北地区地壳形变多个应变率物理量的分布。结果表明,基于150 km高斯平滑半径计算水平速度梯度能够较好地分辨华北地区的应变率空间变化特征,首都圈地区地壳以张渤带上的左旋剪切为主,其中唐山-秦皇岛地区同时存在南北向的拉张变形;山西带整体表现为沿断裂的右旋剪切变形,同时兼具“南挤北张”特性;郯庐断裂带整体形变特征不显著,在南北两端局部区域存在较小的剪切形变;鄂尔多斯块体内部比较稳定,北缘以拉张和左旋剪切变形为主,西缘表现为左旋剪切以及EW向的挤压特征,南缘的秦岭块体南北两侧分别具有左旋剪切和右旋剪切的特性,东西两侧分别表现为正断拉张与逆断挤压特征。     

GPS水汽遥感中的大气加权平均温度的变化特征及局地算式研究

根据广东清远1996～2001的气象探空资料,计算了大气加权平均温度,在此资料基础上,利用最优子集回归建立了GPS水汽遥感中的大气加权平均温度局地算式,该算式的精度优于目前广泛使用的Bevis算式。     

RESEARCH ON THE LOCAL CORRECTION MODEL OF ATMOSPHERIC DRY DELAY IN GPS REMOTE SENSING WATER VAPOR

1 INTRODUCTION As shown by much domestic and overseas study, the GPS technique can be used as a novel, efficient means in the measurement of water vapor. It increases the density of existing sounding sites both temporally and spatially and is useful in the remote sensing of regional and global content of water vapor[1]. The principle with which the GPS works in water vapor remote sensing is as follows[2]. While they are travelling to the receivers, GPS satellite signals are delayed in …     

地基GPS遥感大气水汽含量及在气象上的应用

简单介绍了地基GPS遥感大气水汽含量的原理以及GPS反演水汽信息的种类,比较了两种GPS数据解算水汽策略,分析了在解算过程中影响GPS水汽精度的因子。最后简述了GPS水汽在气象上应用的进展,并提出了以后需努力的方向。     

GPS掩星技术低轨卫星计划的现状及进展

主要介绍了几个国际上已经实施的GPS掩星计划（GPS／MET，Φrsted,Sunsat,SAC-C,CHAMP)和在研的（COSMIC，ACE）低轨卫星计划的现状及取得的进展。通过总结可知，下一代GPS掩星接收器应具有体积小、质量轻（几百克）、低功耗的特点；能提供实时的卫星物理状态参数；飞行器上的自主计算和控制；星上数据通信和命令解释；所有跟踪数据应符合厘米级精密定轨的要求；能提供掩星和海洋反射实验的测量。     

基于GIS的中山站至Dome A冰盖考察数据处理和信息提取

中山站至DomeA冰川学考察断面是国际ITASE计划的核心断面之一。首次利用GIS开展了该断面的数据处理与信息提取 ,采样点的布设与管理。介绍了ADD数字地图拼接与裁剪 ,野外数据和BEDMAP数据地理坐标投影变换的方法。利用ArcView内插等高线方法对GPS导航仪高程数据进行了校正。沿考察路线提取了BEDMAP的冰下基岩高程和冰厚度数据 ,以及冰盖表面的坡度与坡向数据。指出应进一步开展该断面以及兰伯特冰川盆地GIS应用研究。     

GPS技术和遥感影像在编制重点文物地图中的应用——以制作武汉大学校园重点文物图为例

GPS技术具有实时导航、定位准确的特点,遥感影像能提供快速及时的地理信息,它们当前还未广泛应用于地图的制作,本文尝试将这两种技术结合应用来编制地图,进而探讨在制作过程中的数据处理、重点文物图的设计与编制等问题;并以制作武汉大学的重点文物图为例,来说明和分析这种制作方法所具有的显著特点和具体操作的可行性。     

三峡水利枢纽主体工程施工控制测量

介绍了采用测边三角网和GPS静态测量实施三峡工程加密控制网的应用情况,阐述了随着光电测距精度的不断提高及水电施工环境的影响,采用测边网加测距三角高程网实施控制网加密是当前行之有效的一种好方法;此外,GPS测量以其限定条件少、操作简单、高自动化的内业处理等优点为施工控制测量开辟了一条新途径。     

GPS卫星定位误差概论

GPS测量中包含多种误差,只有深刻理解这些误差源的性质及其影响,才能在制定技术方案和实际作业时,采取必要的措施消除或消弱这些影响,提高成果的可靠性和精确性。本文按其产生的来源、性质、大小及对测量产生的影响等进行了介绍和分析,并提出了相应的措施以便消除或削弱它们对测量结果的影响。