对电离层残差法多值性问题的研究

周跳的探测与修复在GPS数据处理中发挥着至关重要的作用。探测周跳的方法有很多种并已相当成熟。介绍几种常见的周跳探测修复方法及其局限性,阐述了电离层残差法原理和它所特有的多值性问题,提出了一种解决多值性问题的方法,使之能够更加可靠地探测和修复周跳的方法。通过分析实例,说明了该算法的有效性和实用性。     

The study on a new technology of waterway information system

It is a lot limitations to survey and design waterway by the CAD technique,due to timely variation of hydrology and ecology in the complicated estuary area,such as Changjing River estuary.In this paper,the advantages of GIS technique is applied to manage and process the multi kind,multi scale and multi time hydrographic parameters,including water depth,current velocity,tidal,waves,wind speed,temperature and salinity etc.,also to deal with different projection,different scale charts.Meanwhile,in the paper,combination techniques of GIS and CAD has been developed for unification of the charts for efficient management,two-way automatic carts conversion between GIS and CAD,automatic cutting and assemble of a number of Charts,flight path of the projection of spatial data and coordinate transformation.This new technique has been applied to survey and design waterway of Changing River estuary.The result shows that the combination technology of GIS and CAD has application potentiality in the waterway survey and design.     

长江口外陆架区埋藏古河道研究

大量高分辨率单道地震和浅地层剖面资料显示长江口外的广大海域分布着大量埋藏古河道,据区域浅层地质特征及地震相特征,可把研究区埋藏古河道断面划分为对称、不对称和复式三种类型;河道内充填的沉积物复杂多样;古河道主要存在于晚更新世晚期沉积层中。60个古河道断面串联成长180km的古长江河系以及长64km的古舟山河和长近100km的古钱塘江河两条支流河道系。长江古河道宽深比较大,盛冰期时深切81~109m,河底纵比降为0.82×10-4,平均古流量约为535.24m3/s,最大断面的古流量为20433.72m3/s。按比降-河宽法判别,当时古长江河道为辫状分汊河型。     

基于平均分组和叠加相关的GPS信号捕获方法

针对目前GPS软件接收机C/A码捕获信噪比门限高、捕获速度慢的问题,提出一种基于平均分组和叠加相关的GPS弱信号捕获方法。首先,基于平均相关处理技术降低C/A码捕获过程中的自相关损耗,提高对微弱信号的捕获能力;然后,利用叠加相关提高相干运算的运算效率,并采用线性插值提高自相关函数性能;最后,利用频偏校正和内插进一步提高C/A信号的捕获精度。理论分析和仿真实验均验证,该方法能够在较低的信噪比下实现GPS信号捕获,且精度较高、运算量较低。     

莺歌海盆地超压体系的成因及与油气的关系

莺歌海盆地独特的地质进程形成多套泥源层,泥源岩的压实与排液不均衡导致盆地内存在大规模的超压体系,大量的生烃及水热增压使盆地内超压进一步加剧。底辟作用将超压传递至浅层,使超压体系的分布在不同深度和不同构造带中的差异均较大。在中央底辟带,由于泥-流体底辟活动极强,突破的地层多,超压顶面埋深很浅;超压的释放不仅仅是孔隙流体的逸散,更重要的是烃源(主要是泥源层)所生成的油和气作为热流体的一部分,伴随热流体向上突破、运移到浅部分异、逸散和聚集形成气藏。     

西秦岭断裂构造系统基本特征及其对地质灾害的控制 作用

通过对青藏高原东北缘西秦岭地区断裂构造系统的特征及与滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害关系的分析研究,探讨了断裂构造系统对滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害的形成和分布的控制作用。认为虽然滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害是内外动力地质作用复杂的联合作用的结果,但断裂构造系统及其活动性对滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害形成具有关键性的作用,这种作用方式有直接和间接之分。西秦岭地区典型的滑坡、泥石流等的形成大多与断裂构造及其活动密切相关,主要表现在:(1)断裂构造发育的区域一般是滑坡、泥石流高发区;(2)断裂带活动为滑坡和泥石流的发生提供了物源和结构条件;(3)断裂的地震活动是诱发滑坡的关键因素;(4)断裂带的长期活动形成的构造破碎带和地形高差易于为流水的侵蚀而形成泥石流沟和陡坡地形。因此在对滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害研究中,不应孤立的认识单个滑坡、泥石流的形成与发展,而应把其放在区域地质环境演化中去认识,尤其是把区域断层格架、断层带结构和断层活动性研究作为地质灾害形成与发展的关键影响因素深入研究,从而为科学认识崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害的形成过程、制定科学的灾害的防御和治理方案提供科学依据。     

煤矿井下自动化钻探技术概况与智能化发展前瞻

针对煤矿井下钻场人员需求大、安全隐患多、一人操作难以同时控制钻机动作并从全局视角知悉钻机运行状态等问题,引入了数字孪生技术,设计开发了钻机远程服务平台。该平台系统以ZDY25000LDK钻机为载体,融合了钻机远程控制系统、数字孪生模型和参数监测系统3方面技术,通过检测与执行层、数据传输层和远程集控层实现钻机远程控制、钻机运行全生命周期映射与参数监测。钻机远程控制系统实现了实时远距离控制钻机,数字孪生模型能够映射钻机各运动部件的运动状态,并能通过仿真实验为钻探施工提供先验参考,参数监测系统实现了对钻机状态参数和钻进参数的实时监测。基于该钻机远程服务平台,进行了平台的功能性和实时性验证。试验结果表明：钻机远程服务平台能够实现钻机远程控制,并从全局视角上映射和监测钻机运行状态和参数,通过数字孪生体仿真,得出钻机上扣过程中动力头回转速度和给进速度的最优比值为4.28,与实际上扣情况相符。平台操作方便、实时性高、可靠性好、人机交互友好,为煤矿井下钻探工作的减人增效和智能化升级提供了解决方案。

     

Recent landslide activity in Manaihan,East Belgium

Past landslides have been recognized in the Battice area in E-Belgium. In contrast to the other inactive landslides, the Manaihan landslide responded immediately to heavy rainfall events in the last two decades. This study aims to map its spatial extent and the dominant surface features; to measure surface displacement using GPS; to investigate subsurface structure with Cone penetration test (CPT) and corings; and to determine the depth of the shear surface by inclinometers. Results show a partial landslide reactivation. Surface velocities range between 20 and 40 cm/year and are strongly dependent on winter rainfall. CPT results give clear boundaries between the landslide mass and the undisturbed bedrock in the head scarp. Distinct shear surfaces have been determined with displacement rates up to 15.8 mm in 21 days. Further research should apply geophysical methods for two-dimensional information on the ground, investigate geotechnical properties of the landslide mass, model slope instability, and determine the influence of a sewage pipe crossing the central landslide mass as a potential cause for landslide activity.     

On the Dynamics of Dust Grains in a Hierarchical Environment

Most main sequence stars are binaries or higher multiplicity Systems and it appears that at birth most stars have circumstellar disks. It is commonly accepted that planetary systems arise from the material of these disks; consequently, binary and multiple systems may have a main role in planet formation. In this paper, we study the stage of planetary formation during which the particulate material is still dispersed as centimetre-to-metre sized primordial aggregates. We investigate the response of the particles, in a protoplanetary disk with radius R_D = 100 AU around a solar-like star, to the gravitational field of bound perturbing companions in a moderately wide (300–1600 AU) orbit. For this purpose, we have carried out a series of simulations of coplanar hierarchical configurations using a direct integration code that models gravitational and viscous forces. The massive protoplanetary disk is around one of the components of the binary. The evolution in time of the dust sub-disk depends mainly on the nature (prograde or retrograde) of the relative revolution of the stellar companion, and on the temperature and mass of the circumstellar disk. Our results show that for binary companions near the limit of tidal truncation of the disk, the perturbation leads to an enhanced accretion rate onto the primary, decreasing the lifetime of the particles in the protoplanetary disk with respect to the case of a single star. As a consequence of an enhanced accretion rate the mass of the disk decreases faster, which leads to a longer resultant lifetime for particles in the disk. On the other hand, binary companions may induce tidal arms in the dust phase of protoplanetary disks. Spiral perturbations with m = 1 may increase in a factor 10 or more the dust surface density in the neighbourhood of the arm, facilitating the growth of the particles. Moreover, in a massive disk (0.01M⊙) the survival time of particles is significantly shorter than in a less massive nebula (0.001M⊙) and the temperature of the disk severely influences the spiral-in time of particles. The rapid evolution of the dust component found in post T Tauri stars can be explained as a result of their binary nature. Binarity may also influence the evolution of circumpulsar disks. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

台湾海峡及其邻区现今构造应力场数值模拟

本文将台湾海峡及其邻区划分为多个具有不同弹性参数的等厚区块,并利用基于弹性理论的有限元数值模型,以GPS观测速度和由震源机制解(FMS)得到的主应力轴方向为约束条件,计算了该研究区的现今构造应力场.结果表明:(1)最大主应力轴在台湾海峡中部和台湾岛弧中部大致为NW-SE向,在东北部呈顺时针旋转,而在南部呈逆时针旋转;(2)研究区水平位移场大致以23°N为界,南强北弱,且在北部呈顺时针旋转,南部呈逆时针旋转;(3)东沙-澎湖-北港隆起因强度大于周边盆地区而成为"阻挡带",导致在其南北出现两个反向的构造逃逸区,并且隆起东南区形变特别强烈,而其西北区则相对较弱.