Development of the second-order derivatives of the Earth’s potential in the local north-oriented reference frame in orthogonal series of modified spherical harmonics

The second-order derivatives of the Earth’s potential in the local north-oriented reference frame are expanded in series of modified spherical harmonics. Linear relations are derived between the spectral coefficients of these series and the spectrum of the geopotential. On the basis of these relations, recurrence procedures are developed for evaluating the geopotential coefficients from the spectrum of each derivative and, inversely, for simulating the latter from a known geopotential model. Very simple structure of the derived expressions for the derivatives is convenient for estimating the geopotential coefficients by the least-squares procedure, at a certain step of processing satellite gradiometry data. Due to the orthogonality of the new series, the quadrature formula approach can be also applied, which allows avoidance of aliasing errors caused by the series truncation. The spectral coefficients of the derivatives are evaluated on the basis of the derived relations from the geopotential models EGM96 and EIGEN-CG01C at a mean orbital sphere of the GOCE satellite. Various characteristics of the spectra are studied corresponding to the EGM96 model. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

一种面向对象的CVA变化检测方法

以两期0.3 m分辨率图像作为变化检测对象,辅以矢量数据,以图斑为最小处理单元,采用面向对象的变化矢量分析(Change Vector Analysis,CVA)方法预测变化图斑。为提高预测精度,图像的特征采用多尺度下的光谱、纹理和局部不变特征的方法提取。实验结果表明,本文采用的方法,其预测准确率与同尺度下图像特征提取的方法相比有了一定程度的提高。     

GOCE重力场模型的精度评估

从累积大地水准面误差、几何水准面与重力水准面之差、不同频段重力场模型的组合3个方面,评估了欧空局发布的时域法、空域法、直接法3个模型的精度。频谱分析和北美实测GPS/水准结果表明,第4代直接法模型精度达到“空间分辨率100 km情况下,大地水准面精度±1 cm”的设计要求|直接法模型精度高于时域法模型和空域法模型|GOCE数据能有效地提高重力场中频、甚至高频信号的精度。     

GOCE引力梯度的频谱分析及滤波

GOCE卫星提供的梯度数据含有非常大的低频误差,如何处理这种误差是GOCE数据处理中最为关键的工作之一.本文根据GOCE卫星的运行情况,首先分析了梯度数据的频率特性,推导了频率与阶次的对应关系;并在此之上,介绍了针对低频误差的滤波方法,即移去恢复和向前向后滤波方法,前者可解决滤波中的低频信号损失问题,后者则主要解决了滤波中的相位漂移问题.最终结果表明:引力梯度的时间频谱与球谐展开中的阶次虽不是一一对应的,但各阶所对应的最大截止频率与阶次却有一定的显式表达.同时也表明,本文所采用的滤波方法是有效的,达到了消除低频误差但保留观测频段信号的目的.     

GOCE卫星重力梯度测量数据的预处理

GOCE(gravity field and steady-state ocean circulation explorer)计划的主要科学目标是以70 km空间分辨率1、mGal重力异常和1~2 cm大地水准面的精度测定全球静态地球重力场,卫星重力梯度测量数据的预处理是实现这一预期科学目标的重要任务之一。讨论了重力梯度测量数据的预处理方案、时变重力场信号改正、粗差探测和外部校准方法,为进一步开展GOCE卫星重力梯度测量数据的预处理研究提供参考和具体建议。     

基于重力场模型统一亚太高程基准的方法研究

针对不同国家和地区高程基准不一致的问题,该文采用GOCE重力场模型和GPS/水准数据对高程基准统一的方法进行了研究,分析了基于GOCE的不同重力场模型用于计算亚太区域(110°E~180°E,50°S~50°N)高程基准偏差的差异,基于重力场模型GECO,利用亚太区域36个验潮站附近的GPS/水准点数据计算的平均海平面与大地水准面垂直偏差的平均值为0.416m,利用日本沿岸5个GPS/水准点数据计算的高程基准与大地水准面垂直偏差的平均值为0.185m,利用澳大利亚沿岸4个GPS/水准点数据计算的高程基准与大地水准面垂直偏差的平均值为0.41m。     

GOCE gradiometer: estimation of biases and scale factors of all six individual accelerometers by precise orbit determination

A method has been implemented and tested for estimating bias and scale factor parameters for all six individual accelerometers that will fly on-board of GOCE and together form the so-called gradiometer. The method is based on inclusion of the individual accelerometer observations in precise orbit determinations, opposed to the baseline method where so-called common-mode accelerometer observations are used. The method was tested using simulated data from a detailed GOCE system simulator. It was found that the observations taken by individual accelerometers need to be corrected for (1) local satellite gravity gradient (SGG), and (2) rotational terms caused by centrifugal and angular accelerations, due to the fact that they are not located in the satellite’s center of mass. For these corrections, use is made of a reference gravity field model. In addition, the rotational terms are derived from on-board star tracker observations. With a perfect a priori gravity field model and with the estimation of not only accelerometer biases but also accelerometer drifts, scale factors can be determined with an accuracy and stability better than 0.01 for two of the three axes of each accelerometer, the exception being the axis pointing along the long axis of the satellite (more or less coinciding with the flight direction) for which the scale factor estimates are unreliable. This axis coincides with the axis of drag-free control, which results in a small variance of the signal to be calibrated and thus an inaccurate determination of its scale factor in the presence of relatively large (colored) accelerometer observation errors. In the presence of gravity field model errors, it was found that still an accuracy and stability of about 0.015 can be obtained for the accelerometer scale factors by simultaneously estimating empirical accelerations.     

重力及重力梯度联合反演青藏高原及邻区岩石圈三维密度结构

本文利用GOCE L2观测重力梯度的五个独立分量（Txx,Tzz,Txy,Txz,Tyz）,联合EGM2008地球重力场模型计算垂直重力,反演计算了青藏高原及邻区0~120 km深度岩石圈三维密度结构.将经过低阶项改正、地形效应改正、沉积层界面起伏效应改正得到的剩余重力及重力梯度异常值作为观测值,以改正剩余量归一化权重作为观测权重,基于Tikhonov正则化理论建立反演目标函数.反演过程中,利用地震层析S波速度转换密度作为初始约束,通过非等权最小二乘迭代法计算得到最终反演密度.反演结果表明：（1）40 km深度,青藏高原内部为中地壳,表现为低密度,邻区为中下地壳,表现为高密度.青藏高原内部中地壳强低密度层主要分布在高原边界.其成因是印度板块俯冲和周围坚硬块体阻挡作用导致在高原边界形成的高应变积累闭锁区,为壳内低密度软弱物质的形成提供了条件.（2）80 km深度,青藏高原上地幔顶部显示出低密度的特征.高原内部东、中、西密度特征差异明显,低密度以95°E为中心线呈东西对称分布.以班公—怒江缝合带为中心,在拉萨块体和羌塘块体内从北向南出现了"低-高-低"的密度分布起伏特征.该特征与GRACE得到的莫霍面起伏特征一致,结合大地构造结果,这种起伏特征验证了印度、羌塘块体从南北两侧分别向喜马拉雅、拉萨地块挤入的双向俯冲模式.（3）四川盆地和鄂尔多斯盆地内,地壳高密度异常较地震波速异常明显偏低,表明古老的四川盆地和鄂尔多斯盆地比想象中更冷、更坚硬.塔里木盆地和柴达木盆地内壳、幔高密度的结构特征,对应地幔物质上涌.     

融合GOCE和GRACE卫星数据的无约束重力场模型Tongji-GOGR2019S

本文在法方程层面融合GOCE卫星的V_xx、V_yy、V_zz和V_xz重力梯度分量观测数据和GRACE卫星观测数据,采用直接法解算了220阶次的重力场模型Tongji-GOGR2019S.首先利用ⅡR带通滤波器在5~41 mHz的重力梯度带宽范围内对约24个月的GOCE重力梯度观测方程进行无相移滤波处理,并组成解算220阶次重力场模型的法方程,各梯度分量根据相对于参考模型统计精度进行定权;然后与13.5 a GRACE数据建立的180阶次Tongji-Grace02s重力场模型的法方程进行叠加,解算了220阶次的无约束纯卫星重力场模型Tongji-GOGR2019S.利用EIGEN-6C4重力场模型、GNSS/水准数据、DTU15重力异常数据以及欧洲区域似大地水准面模型EGG2015等数据对Tongji-GOGR2019S模型精度进行全面的检核评定,结果表明：引入GOCE卫星梯度数据后,高于72阶的位系数精度优于Tongji-Grace02s模型,Tongji-GOGR2019S模型的整体精度接近同阶次的DIR-R6等GOCE卫星第6代模型.

     

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