利用GOCE卫星轨道反演地球重力场模型

根据积分方程法反演地球重力场的数学模型,利用GOCE卫星2009-11-02～2010-01-02共61d的精密轨道数据反演了几组地球重力场模型。结果表明,GOCE卫星轨道能有效提取地球重力场的长波信息,弥补了GOCE卫星重力梯度带宽的限制,在106阶次的大地水准面误差为±9.6cm,该阶次精度优于EIGEN-CHAMP03S及GRACE卫星两个月轨道反演地球重力场的精度,但由于两极空白,反演的带谐位系数精度偏低。联合GOCE及GRACE卫星轨道反演的模型在106阶次的大地水准面误差为±6.9cm,弥补了GOCE卫星轨道的缺陷。     

国际卫星重力梯度测量计划研究进展

本文首先阐述了重力梯度测量原理、从20世纪初到21世纪初重力梯度仪的研究历程、卫星重力梯度仪(静电悬浮重力梯度仪、超导重力梯度仪和量子重力梯度仪)的技术特征以及卫星重力梯度测量的特点;其次,介绍了基于卫星重力梯度技术恢复250阶GOCE地球重力场以及论证首先开展一维径向重力梯度仪的研制进而恢复高精度和高空间解析度中高频地球重力场可行性方面的研究进展;最后,建议我国尽早开展基于时空域混合法解算中高频地球重力场和卫星重力梯度测量系统误差分析的预先研究。     

利用GOCE卫星轨道数据恢复地球重力场模型方法的分析

欧空局早期公布的时域法和空域法解算的GOCE模型均采用能量守恒法处理轨道数据, 但恢复的长波重力场信号精度较低, 而且GOCE卫星在两极存在数据空白, 利用其观测数据恢复重力场模型是一个不适定问题, 导致解算的模型带谐项精度较低, 需进行正则化处理。本文分析了基于轨道数据恢复重力场模型的方法用于处理GOCE数据的精度, 对最优正则化方法和参数的选择进行研究。利用GOCE卫星2009-11-01—2010-01-31共92 d的精密轨道数据, 采用不依赖先验信息的能量守恒法、短弧积分法和平均加速度法恢复GOCE重力场模型, 利用Tikhonov正则化技术处理病态问题。结果表明, 平均加速度法恢复模型的精度最高, 能量守恒法的精度最低, 短弧积分法的精度稍差于平均加速度法。未来联合处理轨道和梯度数据时, 建议采用平均加速度法或短弧积分法处理轨道数据, 并且轨道数据可有效恢复120阶次左右的模型。Kaula正则化和SOT处理GOCE病态问题的效果最好, 并且两者对应的最优正则化参数基本一致, 但利用正则化技术不能完全抑制极空白问题的影响, 需要联合GRACE等其他数据才能获得理想的结果。     

利用最小二乘直接法反演卫星重力场模型的MPI并行算法

针对海量卫星重力数据反演高阶次地球重力场模型的密集型计算任务与高内存耗用问题,基于MPI实现了最小二乘直接法恢复高阶次位系数的并行算法。引入并行读写、分块存储与分块计算等方式完成了设计矩阵的构建、法方程的形成与求解等密集型计算任务的并行算法,数值计算结果表明三者的并行相对效率峰值可分别达到95%、68%、63%。利用GOCE轨道跟踪和径向扰动重力梯度数据(共518 400个历元)分别反演了120、240阶次地球重力场模型,计算时间仅为40 min、7 h,内存耗用峰值仅为290 MB、1.57 GB;采用与GOCE同等噪声水平的观测数据恢复的重力场模型精度与GOCE已发布模型的解算精度相一致,联合GRACE和GOCE的解算模型能够实现二者独立信息的频谱互补,表明本文方法可高效稳定地恢复高阶次地球重力场模型。     

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Filter design for GOCE gravity gradients

The GOCE satellite observes gravity gradients with unprecedented accuracy and resolution. The GOCE observations are reliable within a well-defined measurement bandwidth. In this study, different finite and infinite impulse response filters have been designed to obtain the demanded pass. Exhaustive time and frequency domain investigations prove that the proposed infinite impulse response filter can be a real competitor of the existing solution of the filtering problem.     

Geoid and Gravity in Earth Sciences – An Overview

Precise global geoid and gravity anomaly information serves essentially three different kinds of applications in Earth sciences: gravity and geoid anomalies reflect density anomalies in oceanic and continental lithosphere and the mantle; dynamic ocean topography as derived from the combination of satellite altimetry and a global geoid model can be directly transformed into a global map of ocean surface circulation; any redistribution or exchange of mass in Earth system results in temporal gravity and geoid changes. After completion of the dedicated gravity satellite missions GRACE and GOCE a high standard of global gravity determination, both of the static and of the time varying field will be attained. Thus, it is the right time to investigate the future needs for improvements in the various fields of Earth sciences and to define the right strategy for future gravity field satellite missions.     

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Localized spectral analysis of global satellite gravity fields for recovering time-variable mass redistributions

A spatiospectral localization method is discussed for processing the global geopotential coefficients from satellite mission data to investigate time-variable gravity. The time-variable mass variation signal usually appears associated with a particular geographical area yielding inherently regional structure, while the dependence of the satellite gravity errors on a geographical region is not so evident. The proposed localization amplifies the signal-to-noise ratio of the (non-stationary) time-variable signals in the geopotential coefficient estimates by localizing the global coefficients to the area where the signal is expected to be largest. The results based on localization of the global satellite gravity coefficients such as Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) and Gravity and Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) indicate that the coseismic deformation caused by great earthquakes such as the 2004 Sumatra–Andaman earthquake can be detected by the low-low tracking and the gradiometer data within the bandwidths of spherical degrees 15–30 and 25–100, respectively. However, the detection of terrestrial water storage variation by GOCE gradiometer is equivocal even after localization.     

联合高低卫-卫跟踪和卫星重力梯度数据恢复地球重力场的谱组合法

GOCE采用的高低卫-卫跟踪和卫星重力梯度测量技术在恢复重力场方面各有所长并互为补充,如何有效利用这两类观测数据最优确定地球重力场是GOCE重力场反演的关键问题。本文研究了联合高低卫-卫跟踪和卫星重力梯度数据恢复地球重力场的最小二乘谱组合法,基于球谐分析方法推导并建立了卫星轨道面扰动位T和径向重力梯度Tzz、以及扰动位T和重力梯度分量组合{Tzz-Txx-Tyy}的谱组合计算模型与误差估计公式。数值模拟结果表明,谱组合计算模型可以有效顾及各类数据的精度和频谱特性进行最优联合求解。采用61天GOCE实测数据反演的两个180阶次地球重力场模型WHU_GOCE_SC01S（扰动位和径向重力梯度数据求解）和WHU_GOCE_SC02S（扰动位和重力梯度分量组合数据求解）,结果显示后者精度优于前者,并且它们的整体精度优于GOCE时域解,而与GOCE空域解的精度接近,验证了谱组合法的可行性与有效性。