模糊综合评判在铀矿成矿预测中的应用

本文介绍了模糊综合评判法在铀矿成矿预测中的应用。该法可定量地分析预测区的地质信息,综合多种成矿因素的作用,以达到分析预测区成矿远景的目的。其步骤是:将整个预测区划分为若干子区单元,作为评判对象;根据预测区的特殊性及地质成矿过程的一般性,确定出影响成矿的主要因素,组成评判因素集;计算每个子区单元在每个因素上对“成矿”的隶属度,确定评判矩阵;选用加权平均等3个评判函数,用二次评判的方法进行模糊综合评判,得到评判结果,最后对评判结果择优,划分出三级成矿远景区。     

物元可拓法在地下水水质评价中的应用

可以从定性、定量两个角度解决问题的物元可拓法已被广泛应用于各个领域,本文对物元可拓法进行了改进,并应用于地下水水质评价,同时采用模糊综合评判方法进行了验证。Piper-三线图显示,研究区地下水主要为HCO3—Na和HCO3—Ca·Na型水,水质本底条件较好。水质评价结果表明,上第三系馆陶组地下水水质显著优于明化镇组,1984~1999年间明化镇组和馆陶组的地下水水质均有变坏趋势,前者趋势较为明显。物元可拓法采用综合关联度与可拓指数判断地下水水质级别,不仅能反映其相对性,也能反映绝对性,可延拓连续的特点使其更有说服力。     

Application and verification of fuzzy algebraic operators to landslide susceptibility mapping

The aim of this study was to apply and to verify the use of fuzzy logic to landslide susceptibility mapping in the Gangneung area, Korea, using a geographic information system (GIS). For this aim, in the study, a data-derived model (frequency ratio) and a knowledge-derived model (fuzzy operator) were combined. Landslide locations were identified by changing the detection technique of KOMPSAT-1 images and checked by field studies. For landslide susceptibility mapping, maps of the topography, lineaments, soil, forest, and land cover were extracted from the spatial data sets, and the eight factors influencing landslide occurrence were obtained from the database. Using the factors and the identified landslide, the fuzzy membership values were calculated. Then fuzzy algebraic operators were applied to the fuzzy membership values for landslide susceptibility mapping. Finally, the produced map was verified by comparing with existing landslide locations for calculating prediction accuracy. Among the fuzzy operators, in the case in which the gamma operator (λ = 0.975) showed the best accuracy (84.68%) while the case in which the fuzzy or operator was applied showed the worst accuracy (66.50%).     

Whole mantle SH velocity model constrained by waveform inversion based on three-dimensional Born kernels

A whole mantle SH velocity model is obtained by using a unique data set and techniques. Body and surface waveforms including major and multi-orbit phases are used as a data set and are inverted by using 3-D Born kernels. The resultant model, SH18CE, reveals the different natures of the two major upwelling systems: the strong low velocity anomalies beneath Africa extend for more than 1000 km from the core–mantle boundary (CMB), whereas those beneath the Pacific are restricted to 300–400 km from the CMB. The results also show the variable natures of stagnant slabs on the 670 discontinuity around Japan: the depths of the strongest high velocity anomalies within the stagnant slabs are different region by region, which is consistent with the detailed delay time tomography model in this area.     

Approaches for modeling longitudinal dispersion in pore-networks

The purpose of this study is to quantify the dispersivity in the longitudinal direction by upscaling pore scale mixing over a network domain and to verify the dispersivity with that obtained through the more rigorous upscaling technique, the Brownian particle tracking model (BPTM). We model a porous medium with a network of pore-units that are comprised of pore bodies and bonds of finite volume. Such a pore-unit is assumed to be a mixing cell with the steady state flow condition for a single fluid. Dispersivity can be obtained by solving the mixing cell model (MCM) for the concentration in each pore-unit and by averaging the concentrations for a large number of pore units (as a function of time and space). A minimal size of network that ascertains an asymptotic value of dispersivity was determined and verified with large size pore networks. This numerically computed dispersivity is compared with the results from the BPTM for the same porous medium and flow conditions. We show that the dispersivity obtained from the MCM is equally reliable for the heterogeneous pore-networks and can be estimated as a function of pore size heterogeneity. For homogeneous networks with the MCM, the iteration time step plays an important role. On the other hand, for networks with the BPTM, the assumption of intra-bond velocity profile affects the results.     

降水和温度MOS预报方法探讨

文中分析了庆阳地区春季降水气候特征和环流形势 ,用 1995～ 1998年 3～ 5月T10 6资料建立了该区 8县 (市 )春季降水、温度MOS预报方程 ,进行了回代检验和试报 ,并提出了模式更换后的处理方法     

重庆市区域稳定性层次分析模糊综合评价

重庆直辖市建立后 ,其幅员面积由原来的 2 .3万km2 扩大到 8.2万km2 ,原有资源与环境数据已不能满足政府决策的需要 ,因而比较系统地分析评价区域稳定性对重庆直辖市经济发展中长期规划、重大工程选址与布局及移民搬迁 ,实现可持续发展具有十分重要的意义。本文在前人工作的基础上 ,利用层次分析两级模糊综合评判的方法对重庆直辖市全境进行了区域稳定性评价工作 ,编制了区域稳定性评价图。     

模糊目标的概念模型和应用

由于现实世界的连续性和多样性，地理实体具有不确定空间分布范围和边界，它们在GIS中的表达被称为模糊目标，提出了“模糊空间分布目标”的概念表示模糊目标即地理实体的复杂性和多样性。讨论了3个通用模糊目标模型以适用于不同的情形,FF－object具有模糊空间分布和模糊内核，适用于描述空间重叠的目标；FG－object具有确切内核和模糊空间分布，适用于描述空间分离但边界不明的目标，CF－object具有确切的条件边界和模糊内核，适用于描述空间分离且有边界的目标，我们用一个海岸带研究的实例说明模糊目标模型的应用。     

非线性最小二乘参数平差迭代算法

在非线性最小二乘问题现有的3类主要算法－－高斯－牛顿法、阻尼最小二乘法和最小二乘的拟牛顿法的基础上，引入了综合性能更优的非线性规划的SQPM（序列二次规划法）算法，并且为进一步提高SQPM算法迭代的收敛性，对其步长策略进行了改进。改进的SQPM算法成为无需精确计算参数概略值的非线性最小二乘参数平差的实用和有效算法。     

Microhydrodynamics of flotation processes in the sea surface layer

The uppermost surface of the ocean forms a peculiarly important ecosystem, the sea surface microlayer (SML). Comprising the top 1–1000 μm of the ocean surface, the SML concentrates many chemical substances, particularly those that are surface active. Important economically as a nursery for fish eggs and larvae, the SML unfortunately is also especially vulnerable to pollution. Contaminants that settle out from the air, have low solubility, or attach to floatable matter tend to accumulate in the SML.Bubbles contribute prominently to the dynamics of air–sea exchanges, playing an important role in geochemical cycling of material in the upper ocean and SML. In addition to the movement of bubbles, the development of a bubble cloud interrelates with the single particle dynamics of all other bubbles and particles. In the early sixties, several in situ oceanographic techniques revealed an “unbelievably immense” number of coastal bubbles of radius 15–300 μm. The spatial and temporal variation of bubble numbers were studied; acoustical oceanographers now use bubbles as tracers to determine ocean processes near the ocean surface. Sea state and rain noises have both been definitively ascribed to the radiation from huge numbers of infant micro bubbles [The Acoustic Bubble. Academic Press, San Diego].Our research programme aims at constructing a hydrodynamic model for particle transport processes occurring at the microscale, in multi-phase flotation suspensions. Current research addresses bubble and floc microhydrodynamics as building blocks for a microscale transport model. This paper reviews sea surface transport processes in the microlayer and the lower atmosphere, and identifies those amenable to microhydrodynamic modelling and simulation. It presents preliminary simulation results including the multi-body hydrodynamic mobility functions for the modelling of “dynamic bubble filters” and floc suspensions. Hydrodynamic interactions versus spatial anisotropy and size of particle clouds are investigated.