The Characteristics of Putaohua Reservoir and Development Strategies in Xujiaweizi Baxin Oilfield

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＸｕｊｉａｗｅｉｚｉＢａｘｉｎ(ＸＢ)ｏｉｌｆｉｅｌｄｉｓｓｉｔｕａｔｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｓｏｕｔｈｏｆＤａｑｉｎｇｏｉｌｆｉｅｌｄ .Ｔｈｅｐａｙｚｏｎｅ ,Ｐｕｔａｏｈｕａｒｅ ｓｅｒｖｏｉｒ ,ｗｈｉｃｈｉｓｗｉｔｈｓａｎｄ -ｓｈａｌｅｓｅ     

河南平顶山平煤矿区天然地震和人工爆破的波形特征及识别判据

基于河南测震台网记录的平顶山平煤矿区及周边发生的天然地震和人工爆破资料,按照直观、可快速识别的要求,选用发震时刻、P波初动方向、振幅比、振幅与尾波持续时间比等方法,对该地区天然地震和人工爆破进行对比分析。结果表明,P波与S波最大振幅之比（Pm/Sm）是识别该地区地震类型的最有效判据;P波初动振幅与S波最大振幅之比（Pc/Sm）和S波最大振幅与尾波持续时间之比（Sm/T）2种方法可以作为辅助判据,以提高识别地震类型的准确性。     

Optimized experimental design for seismic full waveform inversion: A computationally efficient method including a flexible implementation of acquisition costs

Optimized experimental design aims at reducing the cost of a seismic survey by identifying the optimal locations and amounts of sources and receivers. While the acquisition design in the context of seismic imaging applies criteria like fold, offset and spatial sampling, different attributes such as the sensitivity kernels are more relevant for seismic full waveform inversion. An ideal measure to quantify the goodness of an acquisition design relies on the eigenvalue spectrum of the approximate Hessian matrix, but this technique is computationally too expensive for practical use. A more affordable goodness measure has been proposed in the past, but we demonstrate that this measure is inappropriate for target‐oriented optimized experimental design. To address those issues, we derived a sequential receiver‐based procedure using a goodness measure based on the determinant of the approximate Hessian matrix. We show with numerical tests that it efficiently provides an optimized design for target‐oriented as well as for extensive full waveform inversion. This design allows a better reconstruction of the subsurface than an evenly spaced acquisition geometry. Furthermore, the optimization algorithm itself can easily be parallelized, therefore making it attractive for applications to large‐scale three‐dimensional surveys. In addition, our algorithm is able to incorporate variable costs, representing any kind of acquisition‐related costs, for every individual source location. The combined optimization with respect to the information content of sources and to the true cost will allow a more comprehensive and realistic survey planning and has a high potential for further applications.     

汤池一号井水震波与地震波的对比分析

水震波是地震波引起的井孔水位的振荡现象.利用同一地质单元内的水震波与地震面波资料进行对比研究,分析出水震波与地震波数据上的异同.同时运用地震波与水震波的数据异同,探求两者数据在应用方面的联系,以更好理解两者的对比关系,本课题估算出水位对含水层应力应变的响应"格值",通过对庐江地震台等井的井水位观测资料分析,结合白山数字...     

基于多网格的频率域全波形反演(英文)

频率域全波形反演虽然克服了时间方向上的局部极小值问题,但是地下介质的复杂性使其在空间域仍然存在局部极小值缺陷。在优化梯度法基础上,本文采用预条件双共轭梯度稳定算法和多重网格方法计算反演中的波场传播和目标函数的梯度,在保证计算速度的同时,减小计算机内存的消耗。频率域波形反演和多重网格的多尺度性质有效改善问题极小值缺陷,加快反演的收敛速度。以局部非均匀的三孔模型和Marmousi模型的数值模拟结果验证了该算法的有效性。     

GM测高数据反演中国近海及邻域精细重力场

综合对比4种波形重跟踪算法,选择改进阈值法处理Jason-1GM数据,联合波形重跟踪后的Geosat和ERS-1GM数据,沿轨2Hz重采样以提高数据空间分辨率。通过数据质量控制剔除粗差数据,考虑海表面地形的影响,基于移去-恢复法和维宁-曼齐兹公式反演了中国近海及邻近海域(0°~45°N,100°~140°E)1′×1′的精细重力场。船测数据检核表明反演结果在开阔海域精度约4mGal,近岸浅水区约10mGal,均优于DTU10和V21.1模型。     

地震勘探全波形反演的应用与发展分析

本文首先对20世纪80年代发展起来的全波形反演应用及其在勘探地球物理领域的发展进行了分析;其次,面对定量化、精细化的地震勘探要求,提出了将地震勘探全波形反演与其他数据处理环节或处理技术相结合的研究设想,并展望了全波形反演的发展趋势;最后,论述了全波形反演研究中地震波场数值模拟、反演初始速度模型获取、目标函数形式选择、寻优算法启用及各向异性介质中的应用等关键问题,并总结了通过Laplace域的全波形反演获取反演初始速度模型、结合射线追踪并充分发挥并行计算之于波动方程方法来模拟地震波场的巨大优势,及灵活选用反演目标函数形式和寻优算法更新速度模型参数来加快全波形反演方法的实用化进程。     

Forest canopy height estimation using ICESat/GLAS data and error factor analysis in Hokkaido,Japan

Spaceborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) enables us to obtain information about vertical forest structure directly, and it has often been used to measure forest canopy height or above-ground biomass. However, little attention has been given to comparisons of the accuracy of the different estimation methods of canopy height or to the evaluation of the error factors in canopy height estimation. In this study, we tested three methods of estimating canopy height using the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) onboard NASA’s Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat), and evaluated several factors that affected accuracy. Our study areas were Tomakomai and Kushiro, two forested areas on Hokkaido in Japan. The accuracy of the canopy height estimates was verified by ground-based measurements. We also conducted a multivariate analysis using quantification theory type I (multiple-regression analysis of qualitative data) and identified the observation conditions that had a large influence on estimation accuracy. The method using the digital elevation model was the most accurate, with a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 3.2 m. However, GLAS data with a low signal-to-noise ratio (⩽10.0) and that taken from September to October 2009 had to be excluded from the analysis because the estimation accuracy of canopy height was remarkably low. After these data were excluded, the multivariate analysis showed that surface slope had the greatest effect on estimation accuracy, and the accuracy dropped the most in steeply sloped areas. We developed a second model with two equations to estimate canopy height depending on the surface slope, which improved estimation accuracy (RMSE = 2.8 m). These results should prove useful and provide practical suggestions for estimating forest canopy height using spaceborne LiDAR.     

基于混叠震源和频率组编码的频率域自适应全波形反演(英文)

全波形反演是一种高精度的地震成像方法,可以对地下介质物性参数模型进行准确的重构。然而在实际应用中,尤其是在三维复杂介质反演中,计算成本太大是该方法的一个重要缺陷。将混叠震源技术引入到频率域全波形反演中可以大幅度地降低计算成本,提高反演效率。但是使用震源编码技术也带来了两个问题:一方面,参与编码的各个震源之间会产生"串扰噪声",导致反演结果中出现假象;另一方面,基于震源编码的频率域全波形反演方法周围噪声较为敏感,使该方法对含噪数据反演质量较差。本文引入一种频率组编码方法来压制"串扰噪声",并基于震源编码技术提出一种频率域自适应全波形反演方法,通过一个与频率相关的自适应选择机制,将常规频率域全波形反演方法和基于震源编码的全波形反演方法联合起来,在保证反演质量的同时也最大程度地提高了反演效率。     

柯坪塔格断裂带重复地震识别及其时空特征分析

根据互相关系数不小于0.8的波形互相关意义上重复地震的定义,利用国家数字地震台网中的乌什和巴楚台记录的区域地震波形数据,识别并研究了新疆柯坪塔格断裂带及其周缘的板内重复地震.对所有相互距离不超过30 km的地震事件的垂直分量采用0.5-5.0 Hz带通滤波后进行波形互相关计算.其中乌什台共识别出460例重复地震,组成重复地震对和多重地震对共171组,占总事件数的15.5％;巴楚台共识别出822例重复地震,组成重复地震对和多重地震对共298组,占总事件数的21.2％00.对重复地震的分析表明,台站分布的不同和波形事件记录质量的差异,是造成两个台站识别出的“重复地震”数目和比例不同的原因.对重复地震复发的时间间隔统计表明,重复间隔从数分钟到数百天不等,最长重复间隔达10年.