Determination of focal depth by two waveformbased methods: A case study for the 2008Panzhihua earthquake

With the 2008 M_S6.1 Panzhihua earthquake as a case study, we demonstrate that the focal depth of the main shock can be well constrained with two approaches: (1) using the depth phase sPL and (2) using full waveform inversion of local and teleseismic data. We also show that focal depths can be well constrained using the depth phase sPL with single broadband seismic station. Our study indicates that the main shock is located at a depth of 11 km, much shallower than those from other studies, confirming that the earthquake occurs in upper crust. Aftershocks are located in the depth range of 11-16 km, which is consistent with a ruptured near vertical fault whose width is about 10 km, as expected for an M_S6.1 earthquake.     

Seismic hybrid swarm precursory to a major lava dome collapse: 9–12 July 2003, Soufriere Hills Volcano,Montserrat

A swarm of ≈ 9500 hybrid earthquakes preceded the 12–13 July 2003 dome collapse at Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat. Most events had nearly identical waveforms and cross-correlation was applied to measure inter-event periods as well as phase arrival times to determine accurate relative location. Hypocenter depths were shallow (< 3 km), and relative locations were confined to a radius of < 150 m. This small source volume is consistent with the observed waveform similarity. Changes in inter-event periods and energy release, measured from the seismic records, showed that the volcano evolved through several energetic states, possibly linked to cyclic magma movement. Shorter inter-event periods were linked to higher energy release rates and possibly reflect increased pressurization during periods of low extrusion rates.     

浅部缺陷桩反射波法检测与波形分析

基础施工中,由于种种原因,混凝土灌注桩有时会出现某些缺陷.使用低应变反射波法可对桩身进行完整性检测.检测中,浅部离析桩、缩颈桩占缺陷桩很大一部分.本文结合工程实例,介绍采用RSM-12H基桩动测仪检测这两类缺陷桩的经验及工作方法.     

Joint viscoacoustic waveform inversion with the separated upgoing and downgoing wavefields in zero-offset vertical seismic profile data

The attenuation of seismic waves propagating in reservoirs can be obtained accurately from the data analysis of vertical seismic profile in terms of the quality-factor Q. The common methods usually use the downgoing wavefields in vertical seismic profile data. However, the downgoing wavefields consist of more than 90% energy of the spectrum of the vertical seismic profile data, making it difficult to estimate the viscoacoustic parameters accurately. Thus, a joint viscoacoustic waveform inversion of velocity and quality-factor is proposed based on the multi-objective functions and analysis of the difference between the results inverted from the separated upgoing and downgoing wavefields. A simple separating step is accomplished by the reflectivity method to obtain the individual wavefields in vertical seismic profile data, and then a joint inversion is carried out to make full use of the information of the individual wavefields and improve the convergence of viscoacoustic full-waveform inversion. The sensitivity analysis of the different wavefields to the velocity and quality-factor shows that the upgoing and downgoing wavefields contribute differently to the viscoacoustic parameters. A numerical example validates our method can improve the accuracy of viscoacoustic parameters compared with the direct inversion using full wavefield and the separate inversion using upgoing or downgoing wavefield. The application on real field data indicates our method can recover a reliable viscoacoustic model, which helps reservoir appraisal.     

太行山构造带壳幔结构分段性特征

分别利用纯S波波形反演和T函数法计算了太行山构造带及其邻近地区100km以上的壳幔剪切波速度结构,结果显示太行山构造带在南、中、北段的壳幔结构存在明显差异。南段邢台邯郸地区地壳中比较突出的特点是下地壳存在一个厚度近10km的低速层;中段石家庄—保定地区靠近山脉的各台地壳结构相对比较稳定,越向盆地区发展,结构愈加复杂化;北段到达北京地区,由于该区是太行山与燕山构造带的交汇地区,中下地壳出现薄高低速转换层位,呈现不稳定状态。沿太行山构造带东缘是地震活动带-河北平原地震带,通过对比速度结构与地震空间分布,发现不同区段小震分布特点与地下低速或不稳定结构关系密切。结合该区域上地幔速度结构特征,认为太行山中段与华北地区中新生代以来的岩石圈大规模减薄运动关系密切,而南北两段当前地幔物质比较活跃,构造运动相对更为强烈。     

机载LiDAR全波形数据分解的研究与应用

近年来,新兴机载全波形Li DAR技术在摄影测量与遥感领域受到广泛关注。其相比传统机载Li DAR的优势在于它对后向散射回波信息进行了完整的数字化记录。波形分解是波形数据处理的重要环节,通过波形分解不仅仅可以得到高质量的三维点云产品,还能够提高DEM的生成精度并辅助点云的精确分类,随着研究的不断深入,全波形数据将在更多领域发挥更大的实用效益。     

利用面波波形模拟探测中国大陆地壳和上地幔波速结构的分区特征

对穿过中国大陆东部、中部、北部和西部4个不同地区的8条地震射线路径的波形进行拟合分析,反演得到了各路径下方的一维平均波速结构.反演得到的地壳和上地幔波速结构表现出明显的分区特征,该特征与已知的大地构造单元和已有的研究成果吻合较好. 表明面波波形拟合方法是一种可靠的探测地壳和上地幔波速结构的方法,且比单纯利用基阶面波频散对上地幔结构探测更具优势.      

地震波形数据实时监控软件的实现

介绍了地震数据采集器监控软件的设计思路,特别是在实时波形显示上,采用“环形”的显示缓存和“滑动显示窗口”技术,大数据量时也能以左移的方式连续显示实时曲线的动态变化;实时波形的纵坐标范围也是动态变化的,在任何时刻都恰好能在显示区域内完整显示。文章还介绍了如何在显示中消除明显的屏幕闪烁现象,以及对数据从传输到存储、显示的分层设计思想和多线程技术的应用。     

Seismic波形数据读取程序

Seisan数据包是厦门市地震台网使用的地震分析软件包,台网记录的波形格式为Seismic,为在现有软件包基础上扩展分析方法,本文对Seismic波形格式进行了解析,并给出了读取程序,提升了厦门地震台网的分析能力。     

Source parameters of March 10 and September 13, 2007, United Arab Emirates earthquakes

On March 10 and September 13, 2007 two earthquakes with moment magnitudes 3.66 and 3.94, respectively, occurred in the eastern part of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The two events were widely felt in the northern Emirates and Oman and were accompanied by a few aftershocks. Ground motions from these events were well recorded by the broadband stations of Dubai (UAE) and Oman seismological networks and provide an excellent opportunity to study the tectonic process and present day stress field acting in this area. In this study, we report the focal mechanisms of the two main shocks by two methods: first motion polarities and regional waveform moment tensor inversion. Our results indicate nearly pure normal faulting mechanisms with a slight strike slip component. We associated the fault plane trending NNE–SSW with a suggested fault along the extension of the faults bounded Bani Hamid area. The seismicity distribution between two earthquake sequences reveals a noticeable gap that may be a site of a future event. The source parameters (seismic moment, moment magnitude, fault radius, stress drop and displacement across the fault) were also estimated from displacement spectra. The moment magnitudes were very consistent with waveform inversion. The recent deployment of seismic networks in Dubai and Oman reveals tectonic activity in the northern Oman Mountains that was previously unknown. Continued observation and analysis will allow for characterization of seismicity and assessment of seismic hazard in the region.