顾及复杂路口交通规则的最短路径算法

基于真实道路的通行状况,分析了一些通常最短路径计算中难以处理的复杂交通路口状况,提出了相应的解决方案。     

用距离交会算法进行测点坐标改正

在野外数据采集过程中时常会遇到由控制点数据错误产生测点位置错误问题。对此类问题,本文总结分析了其可能出现的多种情况,归纳出了错误的类型。提出了采用距离交会算法对测点坐标进行改正的新方法,导出坐标数据改正的数学模型,总结出了用一种数学模型解决控制点坐标有误甚至无控制点坐标等多种错误类型的测点坐标改正方法及其注意事项,并用VC编写了相应的程序工具,经实验数据验证了它的可行性和正确性。该方法的提出和应用,可提高外业测绘工作的效率,具有较高的实际应用价值。     

复杂速度模型的地震交切定位方法

交切法是最基本的地震定位方法之一,该定位方法具有稳定性强、速度快的优点。由于速度模型假设为均匀或水平均匀介质,与实际介质有较大偏差,因此定位精度较低,特别是震源深度。为克服传统交切法的缺点,我们对其进行了改进。在改进的方法中,震源轨迹不再假设为圆形或双曲线形,而是利用最小走时树射线追踪方法进行精确计算。数值模型计算表明,本文提出的改进方法,可用于复杂速度模型的地震定位。     

三峡河段表面流速流向数据处理

提出了三峡河段表面流速流向数据处理系统框架,制定了数据自动处理的流程,基于VB6.0实现了数据处理算法与系统,生成支持清华山维EPS2008的数据格式,最终生成流速流向图。最后,通过三峡—葛洲坝两坝间河段石牌水域四万五千流量级表面流速流向观测实例,验证了该数据处理方法的准确性和成图的快速性。     

固定翼航空电磁系统的线圈姿态及吊舱摆动影响研究与校正

固定翼时间域航空电磁探测系统在实际飞行测量过程中,发射线圈、接收线圈姿态和吊舱摆动状态不断变化,在测量数据中引入如发射磁矩方向、接收分量方向以及系统收发距等参数的误差,影响数据反演成像效果.本文基于固定翼时间域航空电磁正演理论,利用姿态变换,引入发射线圈、接收线圈双旋转矩阵;根据发射、接收线圈相对位置的几何关系,求得摆动格林张量;推导了任意姿态角度以及任意摆动角度情况下的固定翼航空电磁响应三分量计算表达式.通过层状大地模型的仿真计算,分别研究了发射、接收线圈各姿态以及吊舱摆动状态对航空电磁响应的影响,得出发射线圈、接收线圈俯仰旋转和吊舱同向摆动对系统电磁响应影响最强;仿真分析了实际测量中,三种角度同时存在情况下,航空电磁响应的定量变化规律.在此基础上,讨论了响应系数与大地电导率的关系,同时给出基于响应系数的固定翼航空电磁系统线圈姿态和摆动状态校正方法,准二维层状大地模型反演结果表明,校正后数据的反演精度提高了33.1%.     

基于无单元Galerkin法探地雷达正演模拟

无单元Galerkin法采用滑动最小二乘法拟合场函数,只需节点无需单元,具有前处理简单、精度高、解高次连续等优点,被用于求解探地雷达(GPR)正问题.本文从Maxwell方程出发,推导了GPR正演需满足的波动方程;详细介绍了滑动最小二乘法形函数的构造方法.针对EFGM不满足插值条件导致强加边界条件的处理变复杂的特性,采用罚因子法对强加边界条件进行了处理;同时为了消除EFGM进行GPR正演模拟时来自截断边界处的超强反射,采用透射边界条件把GPR波在截断边界处的反射波透射出去,进而压制了来自截断边界处的反射波.然后,编制了EFGM的GPR正演模拟Matlab程序,应用该程序对典型GPR地电模型进行了正演模拟,并把该正演剖面图与基于线性插值FEM正演剖面图进行了对比,结果表明了EFGM用于GPR正演计算的正确性及有效性,并且在相同节点数条件下,EFGM比矩形剖分的FEM的精度要高,更有利于指导雷达剖面的数据解译.     

Stress and pore pressure histories in complex tectonic settings predicted with coupled geomechanical-fluid flow models

Most of the methods currently used for pore pressure prediction in sedimentary basins assume one-dimensional compaction based on relationships between vertical effective stress and porosity. These methods may be inaccurate in complex tectonic regimes where stress tensors are variable. Modelling approaches for compaction adopted within the geotechnical field account for both the full three-dimensional stress tensor and the stress history. In this paper a coupled geomechanical-fluid flow model is used, along with an advanced version of the Cam-Clay constitutive model, to investigate stress, pore pressure and porosity in a Gulf of Mexico style mini-basin bounded by salt subjected to lateral deformation. The modelled structure consists of two depocentres separated by a salt diapir. 20% of horizontal shortening synchronous to basin sedimentation is imposed. An additional model accounting solely for the overpressure generated due to 1D disequilibrium compaction is also defined. The predicted deformation regime in the two depocentres of the mini-basin is one of tectonic lateral compression, in which the horizontal effective stress is higher than the vertical effective stress. In contrast, sediments above the central salt diapir show lateral extension and tectonic vertical compaction due to the rise of the diapir. Compared to the 1D model, the horizontal shortening in the mini-basin increases the predicted present-day overpressure by 50%, from 20 MPa to 30 MPa. The porosities predicted by the mini-basin models are used to perform 1D, porosity-based pore pressure predictions. The 1D method underestimated overpressure by up to 6 MPa at 3400 m depth (26% of the total overpressure) in the well located at the basin depocentre and up to 3 MPa at 1900 m depth (34% of the total overpressure) in the well located above the salt diapir. The results show how 2D/3D methods are required to accurately predict overpressure in regions in which tectonic stresses are important.     

Survival Conditions of Folding in Different Depth During Orogenesis-Deformation in Texas Creek and Chester Dome,USA

A succession of 5 FIA trends（foliation intersection or inflection axes in porphyroblasts） preserved in high temperature-low pressure regime PreCambrian rocks in the Texas Creek, Arkansas River region reflected by the fold axial plane traces and schistosity data in this region. Similar fold axial plane trace data measured in Palaeozoic rocks in Chester Dome, Vermont, which is high temperature to medium pressure regime, only preserve the effects of the youngest FIAs of the all 5 FIA sets that obtained in this region. The other three FIA sets have no equivalent fold axial planes. This difference from shallow to deeper orogenic regimes reflects decreasing competency at greater pressure with collapse and unfolding of earlier formed folds. The greater overlying load of rocks has tended to flatten all but the very largest early-formed structures, preserving only those folds that were more recently developed.     

基于剖面重构的三维地层建模

在石油物探、工程地质等领域通常需要建立复杂的三维地层模型,并利用模型进行模拟计算或地质研究。这里在分析三维地层建模特点的基础上,提出了一套完整的基于剖面重构的三维地层建模算法。该算法可辅助用户充分利用已有资料,进行交互式建模,简单、高效,并且可以构造出含有断层的复杂模型,因而具有较强的实用性。