Daubechies小波有限元求解GPR波动方程

基于可分离小波理论,由一维Daubechies尺度函数的张量积构造二维Daubechies小波基,并将它作为GPR波动方程求解的插值函数,导出了二维Daubechies小波有限元GPR方程离散格式;通过引入转换矩阵,实现小波系数空间与雷达场值之间转换.引入自由度凝聚技术,有效解决了小波有限元求解中小波单元内部自由度过多的问题,节约了计算量并方便与传统有限元法耦合.然后,详细阐述了Daubechies小波有限元联系系数计算方法,有效解决了小波有限元求解偏微分方程的难点与核心问题.最后,以两个典型GPR模型为例,对比了Daubechies小波有限元与传统有限元的雷达正演剖面图与单道波形图,结果表明:在相同的剖分方式及节点数目条件下,Daubechies小波有限元的紧支性与正交性一定程度上提高了求解效率,它与有限元法求解结果能较好地吻合,验证了Daubechies小波有限元算法的正确性.     

旋转网格和常规网格混合的时空域声波有限差分正演

压制数值频散,提高正演模拟精度,一直是有限差分正演模拟研究的重要内容.基于时空域频散关系的有限差分法,比基于空间域频散关系的传统有限差分法,模拟精度更高.时空域声波方程数值模拟,普遍采用常规十字交叉型高阶有限差分格式.而在频率-空间域,普遍采用旋转网格和常规网格混合的有限差分格式,有效提高了模拟精度和计算效率.本文将频率-空间域混合网格有限差分的思想引入到时空域,提出了时空域混合网格2 M+N型声波方程有限差分方法.首先推导出基于时空域频散关系的混合网格差分系数计算方法,然后进行频散分析、稳定性分析,并和传统高阶、时空域高阶有限差分法对比,结果表明:计算量相同时,新方法能有效压制数值频散,显著提高模拟精度;新方法相比传统2 M阶有限差分法,稳定性增强,与时空域2 M阶有限差分法稳定性基本相当.最后利用新方法进行均匀介质、层状介质、盐丘模型的数值模拟和盐丘模型的逆时偏移,模拟效果和成像质量进一步证实了该方法的有效性和普遍适用性.     

利用系统几何纠正提高ALOS PRISM影像有理函数模型精度的研究

有理函数模型（RFM）作为一种通用的传感器几何模型在星载推扫式光学卫星影像的处理中得到了广泛的应用。但是,ALOS卫星平台高频颤振引起RFM在替代PRISM传感器校正产品的严密成像几何模型时精度低,使得传感器校正产品的RFM精度无法满足测绘应用中提取DEM的需求。针对该问题,提出采用系统几何纠正产品替代传感器校正产品进行测绘生产的方法。首先通过对系统几何纠正产品特性的分析,建立系统几何纠正产品的三维几何模型,并从理论上论证该产品的三维几何模型可以被RFM高精度替代,可以支持测绘中DEM提取的应用。利用ALOS PRSIM传感器的前后视构建的立体像对,进行空间前方交会,验证了理论和方法的有效性。由于系统几何纠正产品与卫星平台无关的特性,该方法可以在其他星载推扫式光学卫星应用中推广。     

考虑应变软化的巷道交叉段稳定性分析

在两巷道的交叉段两支承压力区和顶板卸载区会发生相互叠加,因此,相对于巷道其他部位来说交叉段的围岩扰动范围会扩大,且导致变形加剧和原有支撑应力增加等不利于巷道稳定的情形出现。为分析地下采场巷道交叉段的稳定性,利用有限元数值模拟软件并考虑岩土体的应变软化特性,对5种具有代表性的交叉情形进行了数值模拟研究。研究结果表明：由于巷道交叉使得交叉几何中心附近的围岩变形进一步增加,不同的交叉角度对巷道交叉段的变形存在不同程度的影响,交叉角度越小,主巷（巷道1）锐角侧的变形越大,而且由于交叉角度的不同也使得交叉段主巷的顶板最大沉降区向锐角侧呈不同程度的偏移,交叉角度越小,偏移越为明显。从结果可以得出巷道2的变形同样也受到交叉角度的影响,从距离交叉中心4远的地方开始,交叉角度越小,巷道2的变形越大。研究成果可以为类似条件下的巷道设计和支护提供借鉴与参考。     

2011��¯��5.3���ന-����5.4������ǰ�������仯

??2011??4??ˉ??Ms5.3??11????-????Ms5.4????????????????????????о????????????????????仯??????????-????????-????????????????????????????????????-??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????     

基于简单要素模型的多边形分割算法

多边形是GIS研究和应用中使用最频繁的几何对象,该文描述了基于简单要素模型的任意多边形分割算法。从计算几何出发,结合GIS空间数据的特点,将基于简单要素模型的多边形分割算法设计为:1)对多边形及分割线的边界排序,基于扫描线及外包矩形检测查找可能相交的线段,提高相交线段的搜索效率;2)计算交点生成结点信息(包括交点坐标、线号及交点的出入),并存储在独立的单向链表中;3)根据结点链表和原多边形坐标搜索结果多边形。该算法能够分割任意简单多边形(凹凸、曲线边界和带洞的多边形)以及有共享边的多边形。最后在MapGIS7.0平台上,实现了基于简单要素类的多边形分割功能。     

地理信息公共服务平台建设的有效驱动

通过研究我国地理信息公共服务平台建设的驱动现状及其相关问题,分析了地理信息公共服务平台的层次结构以及在空间信息技术发展中的定位,基于地理信息公共服务平台的试点工程应用示范建设的经验,阐述了地理信息公共服务平台建设的有效驱动问题。针对我国当前地理信息公共服务平台建设中的瓶颈问题,提出了走以不同行业与部门协同共建的方式来有效驱动地理信息公共服务平台建设的路径。     

Numerical and experimental study on seakeeping performance of ship in finite water depth

Vessels operating in shallow waters require careful observation of the finite-depth effect. In present study, a Rankine source method that includes the shallow water effect and double body steady flow effect is developed in frequency domain. In order to verify present numerical methods, two experiments were carried out respectively to measure the wave loads and free motions for ship advancing with forward speed in head regular waves. Numerical results are systematically compared with experiments and other solutions using the double body basis flow approach, the Neumann-Kelvin approach with simplified m-terms, and linearized free surface boundary conditions with double-body m-terms. Furthermore, the influence of water depths on added mass and damping coefficients, wave excitation forces, motions and unsteady wave patterns are deeply investigated. It is found that finite-depth effect is important and unsteady wave pattern in shallow water is dependent on both of the Brard number τ and depth Froude number F_h.     

A general framework for error analysis in measurement-based GIS Part 3: Error analysis in intersections and overlays

This is the third of a four-part series on the development of a general framework for error analysis in measurement-based geographic information systems (MBGIS). In this paper, we study the characteristics of error structures in intersections and polygon overlays. When locations of the endpoints of two line segments are in error, we analyze errors of the intersection point and obtain its error covariance matrix through the propagation of the error covariance matrices of the endpoints. An approximate law of error propagation for the intersection point is formulated within the MBGIS framework. From simulation experiments, it appears that both the relative positioning of two line segments and the error characteristics of the endpoints can affect the error characteristics of the intersection. Nevertheless, the approximate law of error propagation captures nicely the error characteristics under various situations. Based on the derived results, error analysis in polygon-on-polygon overlay operation is also performed. The relationship between the error covariance matrices of the original polygons and the overlaid polygons is approximately established.This project was supported by the earmarked grant CUHK 4362/00H of the Hong Kong Research grants Council.     

Multiple Foliations Defined by Different Sillimanite Crystal Habits, Partial Melting and the Late Metamorphic Development of the Cannington Ag-Pb-Zn Deposit, Northeast Australia

A succession of foliations defined by different sillimanite-bearing structural fabrics suggests that the macroscopic, isoclinal synform that dominates the geometry of the Cannington Ag-Pb-Zn deposit, northwest Queensland, Australia formed during D₂. The five foliations in this succession, S₁ to S₅, are defined by aligned sillimanite with habits ranging from individual crystals in S₁ through S₄ to clusters of fibrolite in S₅ in both the matrix and as inclusion trails within garnet and gahnite (Zn-rich spinel) porphyroblasts. S₁, S₃ and S₅ formed as sub-horizontal foliations, whereas S_1a, S₂ and S₄ formed sub-vertically. Foliation intersection/inflexion axes (FIAs) within garnet and gahnite porphyroblasts preserve a succession of trends that shifts from W-E to N-S. This succession indicates that this region experienced N-S followed by W-E bulk crustal shortening. N-S shortening occurred during D₁and D_1a, and W-E shortening occurred from D₂ to D₅. Prismatic and rhombic sillimanite produced during D₁-D₄ accompanied prograde metamorphism to ca. 634 62°C and 4.8 1.3 kbar. The coexistence of fibrous, prismatic and rhombic sillimanite resulted from post peak metamorphic reactivation of the early foliations during D₅. The synformal D₂ fold was intensified during D₄ by W-E bulk shortening. Local partial melting occurred after D₁ in the appropriate bulk rock compositions, based on calculation of P-T pseudosections in the chemical systems KFMASH, KFMASHTO, NCKFMASH and MnNCKFMASH. Zn mineralization related to gahnite growth occurred during D₃ through D₄, and was redistributed by partial melting into structural and rheological sites during D₄ and D₅shearing.