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991.
森林防火地理信息系统的设计与开发 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
将GIS技术应用于森林防火,实现了C/S与B/S相混合的森林防火信息监测模式。以湖北森林防火系统为例,给出了系统软件结构、功能实现及数据库的设计,为实现基于GIS的森林防火系统提供参考。通过系统运行过程中的数据采集、历史数据累积,可以实现森林防火数据的分析、挖掘,为有效防治森林火灾提供重要途径。 相似文献
992.
Nazarin Ezzaty Mohd Najib Kasturi Devi Kanniah 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2019,40(2):272-290
This study aims to map forest cover in Peninsular Malaysia using satellite images as deforestation is of concern in the recent decades, and is an important environmental issue for the future too. The Carnegie Landsat Analysis System‐Lite (CLASlite) program was used in this study to detect forest cover in Peninsular Malaysia using Landsat satellite data. The results of the study show that CLASlite algorithm misclassified some oil palm, rubber and urban areas as forest vegetation. A reliable forest cover map was produced by first combining Landsat and ALOS PALSAR images to identify oil palm, rubber and urban areas, and then subsequently removing them. The HH and HV polarization data of ALOS PALSAR (threshold method) could detect oil palm plantations with 85.26 per cent of overall accuracy. For urban area detection, Enhance Build up Index (EBBI) using spectral bands from Landsat provided higher overall accuracy of 94 per cent. These methods produced a forest cover reading of 5 914 421 ha with an overall classification accuracy of 94.5 per cent. The forest cover (including rubber areas) detected in this study is 0.38 per cent higher than the percentage of 2010 forest cover detected by the Forestry Department of Peninsular Malaysia. The technique described in this paper presents an alternative and viable approach for updating forest cover maps in Malaysia. 相似文献
993.
ABSTRACTThis essay narrates the ‘slow violence’, or creeping environmental harms taking place within contemporary environmental governance. It centres on a tall, dense and highly flammable introduced pasture species Gamba grass (Andropogon gayanus), which was listed as a weed across north Australian jurisdictions in 2008. Since this time, it has continued to expand its reach across the Northern Territory (NT). With a potential invasion range of over 380,000?sqkm2, this grass is a serious threat to many more-than-human worlds in the north, including Indigenous-led and Indigenous-owned environmental service economies and multimillion-dollar projects engaged in savanna fire management for carbon credits. Drawing upon fieldwork and interviews with a range of public servants, landholders and researchers in the NT between 2015 and 2018, this essay demonstrates how environmental governance is being undermined through specific institutions and practices. Through an ethnographic reading of weed management documents, including several legal permits to grow Gamba grass within the NT’s ‘eradication zone’, this essay narrates the diverse threads of a pressing ‘slow’ disaster. The unfolding story of Gamba grass, we suggest, is instructive for those seeking to understand the present and future of resource extraction or ‘extractivism’ in Australia and elsewhere. 相似文献
994.
The current study deals with the depth of scour at the location of impact between a free fall jet and a riverbed. The current study is based on extensive laboratory experiments that were designed to mimic full-scale behavior. The literature review shows that relations among hydraulic parameters for predicting the depth of scour are complex; therefore, six artificial intelligence techniques are used in the current study to capture these complex relation. A total of 120 observations are used for t... 相似文献
995.
Christopher Spence Newell Hedstrom Suzanne E. Tank William L. Quinton David Olefeldt Stefan Goodman Nicole Dion 《水文研究》2020,34(25):4940-4958
Understanding the role of forest fires on water budgets of subarctic Precambrian Shield catchments is important because of growing evidence that fire activity is increasing. Most research has focused on assessing impacts on individual landscape units, so it is unclear how changes manifest at the catchment scale enough to alter water budgets. The objective of this study was to determine the water budget impact of a forest fire that partially burned a ~450 km2 subarctic Precambrian Shield basin. Water budget components were measured in a pair of catchments: one burnt and another unburnt. Burnt and unburnt areas had comparable net radiation, but thaw was deeper in burned areas. There were deeper snow packs in burns. Differences in streamflow between the catchments were within measurement uncertainty. Enhanced winter streamflow from the burned watershed was evident by icing growth at the streamflow gauge location, which was not observed in the unburned catchment. Wintertime water chemistry was also clearly elevated in dissolved organics, and organic-associated nutrients. Application of a framework to assess hydrological resilience of watersheds to wildfire reveal that watersheds with both high bedrock and open water fractions are more resilient to hydrological change after fire in the subarctic shield, and resilience decreases with increasingly climatically wet conditions. This suggests significant changes in runoff magnitude, timing and water chemistry of many Shield catchments following wildfire depend on pre-fire land cover distribution, the extent of the wildfire and climatic conditions that follow the fire. 相似文献
996.
ABSTRACT. Even the casual visitor cannot fail to notice unusual activity on the slopes of Northern California's Mount Shasta. Prayer flags, altars, and crystals are found in the meadows; drumming, chanting, and meditation are commonplace. Non‐indigenous spiritual pilgrims have found Mount Shasta a sacred place. An amorphous group of spiritual seekers, these are sometimes referred to as “New Age” adherents or “Crystal People.” Within the Shasta‐Trinity National Forest, the situation of this sacred site exemplifies the difficulties of reconciling nonsecular claims to public lands with secular management mandates. Spiritual activism at Mount Shasta includes recently successful opposition to development of a Forest Service‐endorsed ski area. Using a questionnaire survey and interviews, we compare the characteristics, activities, and attitudes toward resource management of spiritual pilgrims and others who visit Mount Shasta's meadows. Conclusions are drawn about the environmental values and concerns of all visitors and of spiritual pilgrims in particular, including some that bear on pilgrim activities and ecological restoration efforts. 相似文献
997.
一种基于GIS的森林分类专家系统(FCGES)理论与方法 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
张洪亮 《云南地理环境研究》2000,12(1):54-58
GIS与ES的结合,是GIS发展的重要方向.在GIS基础上建立森林分类专家系统(FCGES)更是林业系统一个崭新的研究领域.通过阐述FCGES的概念及基于贝叶斯概率的一种专家算法,对其设计与实现过程进行了初步探讨. 相似文献
998.
减缓全球变暖与温室气体吸收汇研究进展 总被引:28,自引:8,他引:20
对减缓全球气候变化与温室气体“汇”的最新研究进展作了较为详尽的综述。针对目前温室气体汇研究中的主要前沿科学问题进行了深入分析:包括汇的定义、种类及方法学问题,土地利用变化和森林以及农业土壤汇的种类及计算中存在的一些问题,人类活动对自然生态系统源汇状况的影响等;对还估算各种温室气体源汇的不确定性作了分析总结;在列举了一些气候变化框架公约缔约国及发展中国家对《京都议定书》中引入温室气体“汇”的看法及态 相似文献
999.
1000.
森林火灾与气象条件的关系及其预报和防御 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
分析了湿度、温度、风、降水等气象要素及地形地貌与林火发生的关系,介绍了森林火险等级预报方法,并提出了林火防范措施。 相似文献