对地理国情监测的战略思考

结合近年来地理国情监测理论研究和工作实践取得的进展和成果,对地理国情监测的战略定位和实现途径作了进一步思考。结果表明,作为测绘地理信息发展的战略重点提出来的地理国情监测,其功能定位不应当仅仅局限于类似基础测绘的保障服务功能,而应将其定位为类似监察、审计等的监督管理功能。而要实现这一战略定位,需要采取相应的策略和步骤,从地理国情监测、监督向监管稳步推进,逐渐实现地理国情监测的价值,最终实现测绘地理信息发展方式的根本性转变。     

复数域最小二乘平差及其在POLInSAR植被高反演中的应用

传统的测量观测值都是实数,因此测量平差都是在实数空间中进行的。然而,随着科学技术的快速发展,现代测绘领域中出现了一些用复数表示的观测数据。与实数数据一样,这些复数数据同样面临着如何从带有误差的观测值中找出未知量的最佳估计值的问题。但目前涉及复数观测的数据处理时,主要还是依据观测过程,分步或直接解算,不能考虑观测误差、多余观测信息等。针对这一情况,本文介绍了复数域中数据处理的最小二乘方法,试图将测量平差从实数域推广到复数域,并定量研究了两种平差准则的优劣性。为了了解复数域最小二乘的有效性,本文以极化干涉SAR植被高反演为例,建立复数域平差函数模型和随机模型,构建复数域最小二乘法反演植被高。结果表明该算法反演的植被高结果可靠,其精度优于经典植被高反演算法,且计算简单,易于实现。     

浅谈房产测绘及检查

房产测绘是常规的测绘技术与房产管理业务相结合的专业测绘。本文主要介绍了房产测绘工作的前期准备、外业测量、内业绘图、成果整理及其检查工作,阐述了房产测绘中CitoRS软件的应用,并介绍了房产管理的重要作用。     

A new approach on seismic mortality estimations based on average population density

This study examines a new methodology to predict the final seismic mortality from earthquakes in China. Most studies established the association between mortality estimation and seismic intensity without considering the population density. In China, however, the data are not always available, especially when it comes to the very urgent relief situation in the disaster. And the population density varies greatly from region to region. This motivates the development of empirical models that use historical death data to provide the path to analyze the death tolls for earthquakes. The present paper employs the average population density to predict the final death tolls in earthquakes using a case-based reasoning model from realistic perspective. To validate the forecasting results, historical data from 18 large-scale earthquakes occurred in China are used to estimate the seismic morality of each case. And a typical earthquake case occurred in the northwest of Sichuan Province is employed to demonstrate the estimation of final death toll. The strength of this paper is that it provides scientific methods with overall forecast errors lower than 20 %, and opens the door for conducting final death forecasts with a qualitative and quantitative approach. Limitations and future research are also analyzed and discussed in the conclusion.     

数字日照地理空间框架建设与应用

详细介绍了数字日照地理空间框架基础地理信息数据体系、公共服务平台、运维管理体系建设内容及示范应用项目建设情况。就如何加强平台推广应用、运维管理、数据更新维护等问题进行了细致的分析研究。     

浅论促进地理信息产业健康发展的法治保障

推进测绘地理信息依法行政对于促进地理信息产业健康发展具有保驾护航的重要作用.本文概述了我国测绘地理信息市场的发展形势,分析了制约地理信息产业健康发展所面临的主要问题和挑战,提出了规范市场秩序、优化发展环境的重点任务和促进地理信息产业做大做强的保障服务措施.     

From Dispossession to Compensation: a political ecology of the Ord Final Agreement as a partial success story for Indigenous traditional owners

The recent digging of a new channel for water delivery to expand irrigation in the Ord provides a good opportunity for unearthing the native title agreement that allows for intensification of agriculture there. Initial irrigation development in this north-eastern Australian catchment did not include recognition of, consultation with, or distribution of benefits to Indigenous people impacted by dam creation and land flooding. Forming agreement between those affected by previous dispossessions, and associated accumulation of wealth via mining and irrigation, with those initiating such activities was an important and challenging process. The Ord Final Agreement (OFA), formalised in 2006, came from negotiations between Miriuwung and Gajerrong traditional owners and government and private interests. Through qualitative research, I dissect the context and content of the OFA to identify the strengths and weaknesses therein. While the agreement does allow for co-management of significant land- and waterscapes, it does not provide for Indigenous water rights, showing one instance of loose ends and missing links within the Ord.     

基质吸力对非饱和离子型稀土抗剪强度的影响

掌握基质吸力对非饱和离子型稀土抗剪强度的影响,对于认清水对矿体强度的弱化作用具有重要意义。现场测试了矿体的土?水特征曲线和抗剪强度,由此得到基质吸力对矿体抗剪强度的影响特性,即随着基质吸力的增大,矿体的内摩擦角略有增大,黏聚力大幅增大。同时,根据进气值所代表的物理意义进行分析可知,当基质吸力小于进气值时,基质吸力对抗剪强度的贡献速率可看成一稳定值;当基质吸力大于进气值时,基质吸力对抗剪强度的贡献速率逐渐减小。由此,以进气值为分界点,提出非饱和强度改进模型,通过改进模型计算得到的抗剪强度贡献值与现场实测值的误差绝对值基本在15%以内,且优于其他模型预测结果,表明本文的非饱和强度改进模型是有效的。     

利用Access开发岩土工程勘察管理数据库

用Access设计岩土工程勘察管理数据库 ,能对岩土工程勘察各个环节实行全面的、信息化的管理。对各环节的管理信息实现录入、查询、修改、打印数据和表格的功能 ;实现管理图件 (图片 )、声音、影像等多媒体功能 ;实现信息动态发布的网络化功能。岩土工程勘察管理数据库的开发利用简化了工作过程 ,规范了作业行为 ,提高了工作效率 ,推动了信息化、网络化建设 ,具有重要的实用价值     

测量学教学主体转换改革及试验

探讨了建筑工程专业《测量学》教学方法,转换教学主体,精简教学内容,改革《测量学》理论教学和实践教学。