氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定铜矿石中的砷锑铋

样品经王水溶矿分解,在氨水存在下,以Fe3+作共沉淀剂分离铜后,用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定铜矿石中的砷、锑、铋。方法检出限为砷0.19μg/g、锑0.052μg/g、铋0.049μg/g;精密度(RSD,n=10)为砷5.87%、锑7.58%、铋2.42%。     

氢化物无色散原子荧光法测定化探样品中的锡

将样品放入坩埚中用王水溶解,再放入高氯酸,然后在中温电热板加热坩埚至冒高氯酸的白烟,此时硝酸已蒸发掉,趁热加入盐酸将锡还原成低价。用硫脲—抗坏血酸消除铁等过渡金属元素的干扰,用氢化物原子荧光法测定化探样品中的锡。经国家一级标准样品验证,这种方法简便可靠,具有较高的灵敏度和较低的检出限。     

陕西宝鸡地区千阳县塌山黄土滑坡稳定性分析

通过对宝鸡塌山黄土滑坡详细调查和钻探结果表明:具有特殊性的黄土为塌山黄土滑坡形成提供了物质基础;斜坡地形地貌、顺向斜坡结构、黄土节理等为塌山黄土滑坡提供了边界条件;人类活动、降水等是塌山黄土滑坡形成的主导诱发因素;多种因素相辅相成,导致塌山黄土滑坡发生发展。其次,采用SARMA法和FLAC法对滑坡稳定性进行了计算和模拟分析,通过对滑坡体土体应力的分析与滑坡安全系数计算表明,在天然状态下塌山黄土滑坡现今整体稳定,局部(滑坡前缘左侧)有失稳可能,这与野外调查塌山黄土滑坡现今变形特征以及整体稳定局部可能失稳的结论基本一致。而在饱和状态、天然状态＋地震、饱和状态＋地震3种工况下,塌山黄土滑坡整体失稳的可能性较大。     

Laser Ablation (193 nm), Purification and Determination of Very Low Concentrations of Solar Wind Nitrogen Implanted in Targets from the GENESIS Spacecraft

The GENESIS space mission recovered ions emitted by the Sun during a 27 month period. In order to extract, purify and determine the very low quantities of solar nitrogen implanted in the GENESIS targets, a new installation was developed and constructed at the CRPG (Nancy, France). It permitted the simultaneous determination of nitrogen and noble gases extracted from the target by laser ablation. The extraction procedure used a 193 nm excimer laser that allowed for surface contamination in the outer 5 nm to be removed, followed by a step that removed 50 nm of the target material, extracting the solar nitrogen and noble gases implanted in the target. Following purification using Ti and Zr getters for noble gases and a Cu-CuO oxidation cycle for N₂, the extracted gases were analysed by static mode (pumps closed) mass spectrometry using electron multiplier and Faraday cup detectors. The nitrogen blanks from the purification section and the static line (30 minutes) were only 0.46 picomole and 0.47 picomole, respectively.     

致密砂岩气藏地层水水化学特征及其地质意义——以川西坳陷新场气田为例

四川盆地侏罗系沙溪庙组及三叠系须家河组作为陆上致密气资源增储上产重点的接替区,保有大量的难动用储量,具有较大的勘探开发潜力。然而随着深入的滚动勘探开发,中浅层沙溪庙组气藏和深层须家河组气藏气井产水已严重制约了气井产能,部分气井甚至因水淹而停产。本文对研究区不同层位34口气井的地层水进行了主量、微量元素和气藏成藏演化特征分析,结果显示沙溪庙组气藏和须家河组气藏经历了先成藏后致密再改造的成藏演化过程,断层的沟通导致深层须家河组地层水的大量上涌,使断层附近高渗的砂体被充注,在水动力等驱动作用下,天然气以游离相或水溶相沿断裂带进行垂向高效运移。垂向上大部分离子含量都随着埋深逐渐增大,深层须家河组地层水气藏具有较好的油气保存条件,并且经历了更为复杂的水岩相互作用,不同程度地使K、Ba、Sr、Li、Rb等元素更加富集。     

Mass Fractions of Forty‐Six Major and Trace Elements,Including Rare Earth Elements,in Sediment and Soil Reference Materials Used in Environmental Studies

Development of new techniques, enabling simultaneous determination of large numbers of elements in environmental samples, can force analysts to use certified reference materials that do not contain all the elements of interest. In this paper, the mass fractions of forty‐six major and trace elements, including rare earth elements (REE), are presented in one soil (NCS DC 77302 also known as GBW 07410) and five sediment (Metranal‐1, IAEA 405, MESS‐3, NCS DC 73309 also known as GBW 07311 and NCS DC 75301 also known as GBW 07314) certified reference materials determined by high resolution inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry. The selected certified materials represent a spectrum of geological matrices often analysed in environmental studies. Measured elements include certified elements, elements listed with information values as well as new elements absent from certificates, including REEs and some other elements. REE + Y mass fractions in the river sediment reference material Metranal‐1 are reported for the first time. The results obtained are in agreement with available certified or information values.     

义北油田大43块沙四上亚段沉积微相研究

义北油田大43块位于济阳坳陷义和庄凸起东北部的斜坡带,东邻四扣洼陷,北邻郭局子洼陷。受区域构造运动的影响,研究区发育多期区域不整合,地层超覆、剥蚀现象普遍,是被断层复杂化的岩性断块及构造岩性油藏,具有较高的开发潜力。本研究旨在针对目前制约大43块勘探开发面临的沉积微相和储层分布问题,依据区内已有的和邻近地区的地震、钻测井、分析化验等资料,研究该区的构造演化,对沙四段地层进行精细划分,采用点-线-面的思路,逐步进行单井相分析、连井剖面对比以及沉积微相展布恢复。通过研究地震剖面确定了西南方向古隆起的存在,确定了近物源来自于西南方向,对沙四上亚段进行了统层,并建立了扇三角洲前缘-滨浅湖滩坝沉积体系。沉积微相研究结果表明,在横向上,沙四上亚段以扇三角洲相的扇三角洲前缘亚相和滨浅湖滩坝亚相为主;在纵向上,沙四段为扇三角洲沉积经湖盆扩大过程发育为滨浅湖滩坝沉积体系的过程,砂体主要发育在沙四上的三砂组和二砂组的下部,碳酸盐岩沉积主要发育在一砂组。     

Thermal infrared and optical observations of four near-Earth asteroids

We present thermal infrared photometry and spectrophotometry of four near-Earth asteroids (NEAs), namely (433) Eros, (66063) 1998 RO₁, (137032) 1998 UO₁, and (138258) 2000 GD₂, using the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope (UKIRT) in 2002. For two objects, i.e. (433) Eros and (137032) 1998 UO₁, quasi-simultaneous optical observations were also obtained, using the Jacobus Kapteyn Telescope (JKT). For (127032) 1998 UO₁, we obtain a rotation period P=3.0±0.1 h and an absolute visual magnitude HV=16.7±0.4. The Standard Thermal Model (STM), Fast Rotating Model (FRM) and near-Earth asteroid Thermal Model (NEATM) have been fitted to the IR fluxes to determine effective diameters Deff, geometric albedos pv, and beaming parameters η. The derived values are (433) Eros: Deff=23.3±3.5 km (at lightcurve maximum), pv=0.24±0.07, η=0.95±0.19; (66063) 1998 RO₁: , ; (137032) 1998 UO₁: Deff<1.13 km, pv>0.29; (138258) 2000 GD₂: Deff=0.27±0.04 km, , η=0.74±0.15. (66063) 1998 RO₁ is a binary asteroid from lightcurve characteristics [Pravec, P., and 56 colleagues, 2006. Icarus 181, 63-93] and we estimate the effective diameter of the primary (Dp) and secondary (Ds) components: and . The diameter and albedo of (138258) 2000 GD₂ are consistent with the trend of decreasing diameter for S- and Q-type asteroids found by Delbó et al. [Delbó, M., Harris, A.W., Binzel, R.P., Pravec, P., Davies, J.K., 2003. Icarus 166, 116-130]. A possible trend of increasing beaming parameter with diameter for small (less than about 3 km) S- and Q-type asteroids is found.     

冀东老爷庙油田古近系东营组东一段沉积相

老爷庙油田位于河北省唐海县老爷庙村,是冀东油田的主力油田之一。构造位置位于渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷南堡凹陷西北部。根据分析沉积岩岩石成分和结构特征、泥岩颜色、沉积构造和岩相组合特征等沉积相标志,结合东营组东一段沉积时期西南庄断层下降盘倾斜的古地形背景以及西南庄和老王庄凸起古物源的古地理位置,将老爷庙油田古近系东营组东一段确定为扇三角洲沉积环境,并划分了主要的沉积微相类型,包括扇三角洲水下分流河道、河口坝和支流间湾微相,并对每类沉积微相的特征进行了分析。在此基础上以测井相为基本手段,应用砂岩百分含量等值线图,勾绘了老爷庙油田古近系东一段沉积微相的平面分布,讨论沉积微相的演化。依据东一段沉积微相平面分布,结合岩心分析资料,确定水下分流河道是主要的储层微相,其孔隙度为15%～24%,渗透率150×10-3～500×10-3μm2,储层的物性较好。分流水道的游走摆动、沉积物的快速堆积、储层较低的分选性和强烈的非均质性是导致老爷庙油田东一段油藏开发效果差的根本地质因素。恢复东一段沉积微相,可以进一步弄清优质储层的分布规律,为油田开发方案的调整提供地质依据。     

胜利油田深井地震监测系统技术改造及应用

随着现代科学技术的发展,数字化地震监测技术正在我国得到逐步普及。根据胜利油田的实际情况,作者对胜利油田深井数字化地震监测系统建设中主要考虑的影响因素、系统功能、技术方案和设备选型、系统特色、观测结果及应用等方面进行了深入的研究。经过4年多的运行证明,该系统建设功能齐全、先进,地震事件处理便捷、定位准确,对山东省尤其是渤海强震区的地震监测发挥了重要作用。