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161.
从新一代天气雷达径向速度资料中反演出可靠的三维风场对提高新一代天气雷达的应用水平有重要的作用,将雷达直接观测的径向速度转换成台站预报员更为熟悉的风场结构,对识别中小尺度信息有很大帮助。为此该文对4DVAR同化技术在风场业务反演中应用的可能性进行了探讨,利用广州、济南新一代多普勒天气雷达观测资料,从是否加入云模式湿过程以及迭代次数、计算时间、背景场、初始场、分辨率和反演区域等方面对干模式的4DVAR系统进行了讨论,并从风场结构、均方根差别等方面对反演结果进行分析。多种试验表明,干模式的4DVAR系统与湿的云模式反演结果差异不大。模式的初始场和背景场对反演结果具有较高的敏感性,利用前一时次的反演结果作为背景场迭代15~20次的干模式结果可以很好地在业务上试运行,对台站预报员提高中小尺度天气预报的准确率有着很重要的作用。 相似文献
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163.
The four-dimensional empirical orthogonal function (4D-EOF), which in reality is a simple combination of three-dimensional EOF (3D-EOF) and extended EOF (EEOF), is put forward in this paper to test the ability of numerical model to simulate climate and its change. The 4D-E0F analysis is able to reveal not only the horizontal characteristic pattern of analyzed variable, and its corresponding annual and inter-annual variations, but also the vertical structural characteristics. The method suggested is then used to analyze the monthly mean 100-, 500-, 70G-, and 1000-hPa geopotential height fields (4941 grids and grid spacing 60 km) and their anomaly fields in 1989-1998 simulated by the MM5V3 from the RMIP (Regional Climate Model Inter-comparison Project for East Asia)-II, as well as their counterparts (used as the observed fields) from the NCEP/NCAR re-analysis dataset in the same period. The ability of MM5V3 in simulating East Asian climate and its change is tested by comparing the 4D-EOF analysis results of the simulated and observed datasets. The comparative analyzed results show that the horizontal pattern of the first eigenvector of the observed monthly mean geopotential height fields and its vertical equivalent barotropic feature were well simulated; the simulations of the first two eigenvectors of the observed monthly mean geopotential height anomaly fields were also successful for their horizontal abnormal distributions and significant equivalent barotropic features in the vertical were well reproduced; and furthermore, the observed characteristics, such as the variation with height, the annual and inter-annual variations of the monthly mean geopotential height/anomaly fields were also well reflected in the simulation. Therefore, the 4D-EOF is able to comprehensively test numerical model's ability of simulating the climate and its change, and the simulation ability of MM5V3 for the climate and its change in East Asia in the 1990s was satisfactory. 相似文献
164.
分析了威德尔海周边雪冰和大气中MSA和nssSO2-4浓度资料。结果表明,威德尔海是造成这一地区大气中高含量生物硫化物的“源”,其周边岛屿及冰架表层雪冰记载和反映了大气中生物硫化物的空间分布和季节变化特点。源区产出硫化物的强度存在显著差异:靠近南极半岛一侧高于靠近Filchner-Ronne冰架一侧。尽管诸多因素对输运和沉降过程发生影响,表层积雪MSA和nsSO2-4浓度仍呈现出很有规律性的空间分布:随沉降地点离海距离和海拔高度的增加,浓度值递减;但在一定海拔之下,“高程效应”不显著。冰芯中MSA浓度垂向分布显示出季节分配“滞后”现象,在表层表现为受天气条件制约的输运过程造成的相位差,在深层则归因于有待验证的“迁移”机制作用的结果。大气和雪冰样品对比研究结果表明,在类似威德尔海这样的高纬地区,大气中的SO2-4和MSA“信号”在雪冰样品中会遭到不同程度的减弱。但就空间变化趋势和季节分布而言,表层雪冰仍是大气中组分(在本文是SO2-4和MSA)的良好载体。十分接近的大气和雪冰MSA对nssSO2-4(或SO2-4)比率证实,这两种大气组分在由大气洗净和沉降到冰雪过程中只发生微弱的分离作用。这也就是大气和雪冰中 相似文献
165.
166.
I. M. Dwairi 《Environmental Geology》1998,34(4):293-296
The renewable and controlled-release fertilization system investigated here uses NH4
+-exchanged phillipsite tuff, from Jordan, to help in the dissolution of phosphate rock. Accordingly, controlled and renewable
soluble nitrogen, phosphate and Ca are released as nutrients for plants. NH4
+ phillipsite can sequester Ca ions released by the dissolution of phosphate rock, therefore, leading to further phosphate
rock dissolution. In this study the results show that the amount of phosphate released is more than that released by phosphate
rock alone. This method offers an alternative to the use of highly soluble fertilizers and may avoid environmental problems
associated with their extensive use in agriculture.
Received: 22 May 1997 · Accepted: 12 August 1997 相似文献
167.
The increment method is adopted to calculate oxygen isotope fractionation factors for mantle minerals, particularly for the
polymorphic phases of MgSiO3 and Mg2SiO4. The results predict the following sequence of18O-enrichment:pyroxene (Mg, Fe, Ca)2Si2O6>olivine (Mg, Fe)2SiO4 > spinel (Mg, Fe)2SiO4> ilmenite (Mg, Fe, Ca) SiO3>perovskite (Mg, Fe, Ca) SiO3. The calculated fractionations for the calcite-perovskite (CaTiO3) System are in excellent agreement with the experimental calibrations. If there would be complete isotopic equilibration
in the mantle, the spinel-structured silicates in the transition zone are predicted to be enriched in18O relative to the perovskite-structured silicates in the lower mantle but depleted in18O relative to olivines and pyroxenes in the upper mantle. The oxygen isotope layering of the mantle might result from differences
in the chemical composition and crystal structure of mineral phases at different mantle depths. Assuming isotopic equilibrium
on a whole earth scale, the chemical structure of the Earth’s interior can be described by the following sequence of18O-enrichment:upper crust>lower crust>upper mantle>transition zone>lower mantle>core.
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Chinese Academy of Sciences. 相似文献
168.
169.
准四年周期的北半球夏季遥相关与东亚夏季风环流的相互关系 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
利用NMC的200hPa和850hPa风场资料研究了北半球夏季遥相关和东亚夏季风异常环流在准4年时间尺度上的相互关系。研究发现当北半球夏季出现积雪强迫型遥相关时,东亚-西太平洋地区既存在异常纬向环流,也存在异常经向环流;而当出现东亚太平洋型遥相关时,东亚-西太平洋地区以异常纬向环流为主。分析还发现源于北太平洋的异常涡旋在向南传播的过程中,先取西南路径,在到达菲律宾东部以后折向东南。 相似文献
170.
Elizabeth A. V. Mackie Jeremy M. Lloyd Melanie J. Leng Michael J. Bentley Carol Arrowsmith 《第四纪科学杂志》2007,22(6):579-591
Carbon isotopes (δ13C) and C/N ratios from bulk organic matter have recently been used as alternative proxies for relative sea‐level (RSL) reconstruction where there are problems associated with conventional biological indictors. A previous study on a single isolation basin (Upper Loch nan Eala) in northwest Scotland has shown a clear relationship between δ13C, C/N ratios and palaeosalinity from Younger Dryas and Holocene aged sediments. In this paper we present results of δ13C and C/N ratio analyses from other isolation basins in northwest Scotland over the Holocene and the Lateglacial period in order to validate this technique. The results from the Holocene sequences support the earlier findings that this technique can be used to identify RSL change from isolation basins over the Holocene in this region. The relationship between δ13C, C/N ratios and RSL change is not apparent in sediments of Lateglacial age. Other environmental variables such as atmospheric CO2 concentration, poor vegetation development and temperature influence δ13C values during this period. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献