甘肃庆城庄19井区上三叠统延长组长82亚油层组 低渗透储层的地质特征

长82亚油层组是甘肃庆城地区庄19井区上三叠统延长组中储集砂岩相对富集的层位,但砂岩低渗透性的特点显著,成为影响该区石油储产量增长的主要地质因素.结合前人的相关工作,通过钻井岩心观察、测井曲线分析、储层岩石实验测试等工作,详细地分析了庄19井区长82亚油层组低渗透储层的地质特征,认为沉积微相和压实作用、胶结作用是控制低渗透性储集砂岩发育和分布的主要地质因素,寻找以水下分流河道微相为代表的有利储集相带砂岩体是油气勘探的重要方向.     

鄂尔多斯盆地黄陵、东胜地区地温场对比

鄂尔多斯盆地黄陵、东胜铀矿区分别处于盆地南部渭北隆起的北侧边缘和盆地北部伊盟隆起的东部,赋矿层位都是中侏罗统直罗组。盆地南、北铀矿区在现今地温场及古地温场都存在明显差异,南部现今大地热值及热演化程度明显高于北部。对于下侏罗统延安组和石炭—二叠系煤层,黄陵地区镜质体反射率都高于东胜地区。通过镜质体反射率资料得出同一埋深的一套地层经历的最大古地温和对应的古地温梯度也有南部高于北部的现象。由于早白垩世后期盆地普遍整体抬升使得现今地温相对古地温降低,南部黄陵地区抬升剥蚀量大于北部东胜地区,导致古、今地温差异也大于后者。盆地南部庆阳—富县一带局部构造热运动,导致南部异常地温场的形成,使得南部热演化程度高于北部。     

松辽盆地白垩纪湖泊水体温度与古气候温度估算

湖泊沉积物沉积的第一场所是湖底,湖底温度的高低影响沉积有机质的保存,也影响湖底下部地层的温度。了解古水体温度尤其是古水底温度情况成为评估松辽盆地白垩系生物气勘探前景的必要研究内容之一。根据已有的古气候研究成果与现今气候对比,得出白垩纪松辽盆地年平均气温约为14~24℃。再根据水库温度的计算方法和利用已有的古纬度及古水深的研究成果计算得出,白垩纪松辽盆地古湖盆水体表面温度为17~25℃;水深大于20 m的深湖区,水底温度为6.2~12.5℃;湖底最深处温度为4.0~11.3℃;青山口组和嫩江组沉积时期,湖水分层明显,湖底温度季节性变化很小且温度较低,约为8℃。湖底的低温对松辽盆地白垩纪生物气勘探是有利的。     

Effect of volatiles erupted from Mesozoic and Cenozoic volcanic activities on paleo-environmental changes in China

Based on the determination of composition of volcanic volatiles and petrologic estimation of the total mass of volatiles erupted, we showed important advances in the study of the impact of Mesozoic and Cenozoic volcanic activities on paleo-environmental changes in China. The volcanic activities include western Liaoning and Zhangjiakou Mesozoic intermediate-acidic explosive eruptions, southern Tibet and Shanwang Cenozoic volcanism, and Mt. Changbai volcanic eruption around one thousand years ago. The paper predominantly discusses the earth’s surface temperature changes, ozone depletion, acidic rain formation and mass mortalities of vertebrate induced by the Mesozoic and Cenozoic volcanism in China. __________ Translated from Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, 2007, 26(4): 319–322 [译自: 矿物岩石地球化学通报]     

Pelagic records from the Equatorial Ninetyeast Ridge and significant environmental events during the past 3.5 Ma

This paper presents pelagic records of planktic foraminifera, as well as data of stable isotope stratigraphy and carbonate stratigraphy since 3.5 Ma B.P. from site ODP758 in the Ninetyeast Ridge of the Indian Ocean. Based on these data, manifestations and related mechanisms of major tectonic and environmental events such as the rapid uplift of the Himalaya Mountains, “middle Pleistocene climatic transition” and “mid-Brunhes dissolution event” in the region are discussed. According to the analysis and comparison of various indices and changes in terms of foraminifera assemblage, paleotemperature, paleosalinity and themocline from site ODP758, the authors deduce that the paleoclimatic changes might correlate with the mid-Pleistocene transition at 1.4–1.7 Ma B.P. The changes of CaCO₃, mass accumulation rates (MAR) of CaCO₃ and non- CaCO₃ MAR indicate that the loaded terrigenous sediments increased at 1.7 Ma, which is in agreement with the uplift history of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau as shown by the available data. The last two changes coincide with the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, hence they are called “Qinghai-Tibet movement” (1.7 Ma), and the “Kunlun-Yellow River movement” (1.2–0.6 Ma). The changes of the CaCO₃ content, coarse fraction (> 150 μm) content and planktonic foraminifera biostratigraphy show that strong dissolution of abyssal CaCO₃ occurred in the study region during 0.5–0.4 Ma. The event was consistent with the “mid-Brunhes dissolution event” in the sedimentary records of the Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean and Nansha sea area of the South China Sea. __________ Translated from Geological Bulletin of China, 2007, 26(12): 1627–1632 [译自: 地质通报]     

Holocene climate reconstructions of Ulungur Lake (Xinjiang,China) inferred from ostracod species assemblages and stable isotopes

In this paper, the data on the paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental changes during the Holocene are presented and a discussion is made on a 225-cm-long sediment core from Ulungur Lake, located in Northwest China. The chronology is constructed from six AMS radiocarbon dates on the bulk organic matter. On the basis of the analysis of ostracod assemblages and the shell stable isotopes, the core is divided into three paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental evolution stages: 9 985–5 250 cal.aB.P. stage is the wettest phase of the core section. The climate changed from moderate-dry to cool-wet, and then to warm-wet in turn, and the lake level rose accordingly, showing the characteristic of a high lake level. 5 250–1 255 cal.aB.P. stage was the driest phase of the core sediment. The climate turned from the early warm-dry to the late warm-wet and the lake level fell and rose again. Finally, the 1 255 cal.aB.P. stage was the medium stage of the section. The temperature was low and then increased after the 1920s and the climate was dry. The whole climatic and environmental evolution records of Lake Ulungur were not only in agreement with the sporopollen record of the same core but also in agreement with the record of environmental changes of adjacent areas. It responded to regional environmental changes and global abrupt climate events, following the westerly climate change mode on 100-year-scale, primarily with cold-wet and warmdry characteristics. __________ Translated from Quaternary Sciences, 2007, 27(3):382–391 [译自:第四纪研究]     

浅谈煤田地震勘探中影响纵向分辨率的主要因素

针对野外数据采集参数对分辨率的影响,对资料处理过程中静校正、反褶积、速度分析、Q补偿及谱白化等几个重要模块原理进行分析,指出在高速岩层中数据采集,应采用小药量激发,小道距,小排列,全三维,不组合、单点数字检波器接收。高密度多点采集,能够充分保护有效地质信息的高频成份,在更大范围内满足高分辨地震勘探的要求。资料处理过程中,在保证同相叠加和高信噪比的前提下,采用提高分辨率的模块以弥补地震波在传播过程中损失的高频成份。实践证明通过高保真、宽频带数据采集和高信噪比前提下的高分辨率数据处理,完全能够为矿井采掘提供高精度地震勘探资料。     

贵州糯东井田水文地质条件分析

通过对井田内泉和暗河流量的调查研究,认为永宁镇组一、三段碳酸盐岩裂隙溶洞水为井田的主要含水层,含水层主要接受大气降水及河流的渗透补给;煤层上覆地层飞仙关组为相对隔水层,厚度大于500m,下覆无强含水层,其地下水对煤层的开采影响不大,井田水文地质条件较简单。采用比拟法对井田的涌水量进行了预算,推算该矿井开采设计涌水量为13 238m^3/d。     

大陆岩石圈对扩张机制的响应—辽蒙地质走廊中—新生代火山活动的时空分布

选择辽西为中心,以近东西向延伸800km的辽蒙地质走廊为研究区,通过年代学研究,确认130Ma以来的中、新生代火山活动对称分布的时空格局,具有“中间老、两侧新”的特点,而且随着时间的推移,软流圈来源的岩浆向东西两侧侧向流动,岩浆来源不断加深。在此基础上提出“软流圈底辟体上涌和水平侧向流动”的模式。     

湘西北渔塘地区寒武系清虚洞组风暴岩及其地质意义

在湘西北渔塘地区,下寒武统的清虚洞组下部发育一套地质特征典型、沉积序列特殊的风暴岩。其底面侵蚀构造清楚,覆盖于底面上的各层段厚度变化较大,在各层段内由下向上碎屑粒度依次变细,并相继出现叠加式丘状交错层理、平行层理和浪成沙纹层理等沉积构造,是典型的浅海风暴岩。该风暴沉积的发现,对建立湘西北地层的沉积学剖面、探讨该区风暴沉积模式的空间变化、明确成矿环境和成矿地质特征等具有重要意义。