GIS支持下基于CF方法的2013年芦山地震滑坡因子敏感性分析

本文依据研究区现有地形因子(高程、坡度、坡向、斜坡曲率)、地质因子(岩性、距深大活动断裂距离)和地震因子(PGA、距震中距离)等相关影响因子资料并结合地震区基本情况,以GIS技术作为操作平台,采用确定性系数法,开展较为详细的芦山地震区地震滑坡影响因子敏感性分析工作。首先,以GIS技术作为操作平台将地震滑坡的8个影响因子据研究区特征进行分级,构建不同影响因子分级的栅格图层进行地震滑坡分布相关参数统计; 其次,采用确定性系数法计算8个地震滑坡影响因子分级区间对应的CF值,分别提取出地震滑坡最为敏感分级区间以进行地震滑坡影响因子敏感性分析,从而衡量不同影响因子分级区间对地震滑坡易发性敏感程度。地震滑坡影响因子敏感性分析结果表明,除斜坡曲率因子与距震中距离因子对地震滑坡易发性不敏感外,其他6个影响因子对地震滑坡易发性均很敏感,分别是影响滑坡发生的主要地形、地质和地震因子。针对斜坡曲率因子和距震中距离因子对滑坡的易发性不是很敏感是否受内部其他影响因子限制所进行的分析与讨论结果表明,SW向很可能限制了斜坡曲率对地震滑坡易发性的敏感程度,地层岩性对距震中距离因子限制作用更为明显,除奥陶系、志留系外的地层岩性对距震中距离因子敏感性程度都有限制。文章所得成果具有一定的方法理论意义,对于防震减灾工作也具有一定参考意义。     

Arsenic enrichment in groundwater in the middle Gangetic Plain of Ghazipur District in Uttar Pradesh,India

Groundwater with high geogenic arsenic (As) is extensively present in the Holocene alluvial aquifers of Ghazipur District in the middle Gangetic Plain, India. A shift in the climatic conditions, weathering of carbonate and silicate minerals, surface water interactions, ion exchange, redox processes, and anthropogenic activities are responsible for high concentrations of cations, anions and As in the groundwater. The spatial and temporal variations for As concentrations were greater in the pre-monsoon (6.4–259.5 μg/L) when compared to the post-monsoon period (5.1–205.5 µg/L). The As enrichment was encountered in the sampling sites that were close to the Ganges River (i.e. south and southeast part of Ghazipur district). The depth profile of As revealed that low concentrations of NO₃⁻ are associated with high concentration of As and that As depleted with increasing depth. The poor relationship between As and Fe indicates the As release into the groundwater, depends on several processes such as mineral weathering, O₂ consumption, and NO₃⁻ reduction and is de-coupled from Fe cycling. Correlation matrix and factor analysis were used to identify various factors influencing the gradual As enrichment in the middle Gangetic Plain. Groundwater is generally supersaturated with respect to calcite and dolomite in post-monsoon period, but not in pre-monsoon period. Saturation in both periods is reached for crystalline Fe phases such as goethite, but not with respect to poorly crystalline Fe phases and any As-bearing phase. The results indicate release of arsenic in redox processes in dry period and dilution of arsenic concentration by recharge during monsoon. Increased concentrations of bicarbonate after monsoon are caused by intense flushing of unsaturated zone, where CO₂ is formed by decomposition of organic matter and reactions with carbonate minerals in solid phase. The present study is vital considering the fact that groundwater is an exclusive source of drinking water in the region which not only makes situation alarming but also calls for the immediate attention.     

水流算法对于坡度坡长因子的影响研究

坡度坡长因子是影响土壤侵蚀的主要地形因子。单流向算法和多流向算法得到的坡度坡长因子差异非常大。基于多流向算法的坡长计算得到的坡度坡长因子图,光滑连续,符合坡面漫流原理,比单流向算法得到得坡长计算得到的坡度坡长因子更加合理。     

基于因子分析的广东省短时强降水预报模型及其业务试验

利用每天4次0.125°×0.125°的ECMWF-Interim再分析资料和广东省2009—2018年地面气象站逐时雨量观测的短时强降水数据集,针对广东不同季节、不同地域的短时强降水,以提高命中率同时控制虚警率为目的,提出基于显著性和敏感性评价的物理量优选和因子分析法,用于构建分期、分区的广东短时强降水概率预报模型....     

石门雄黄矿进一步找矿探讨

湖南石门雄黄矿床,具有典型的三层结构模式,顶部为硅质岩,中部为角砾岩,下部为雌－雄黄矿体。矿床的形成主要受地层和构造因素控制,在找矿工作中采用“抓构、找层、圈蚀、求异、定位、验证”的方法,１９９８年找矿工作初见成效,认为Ⅰ、Ⅱ号窿周围、兔儿山等地为找矿最有希望地段。     

地球化学场分解的理论与方法

由于多期地质地球化学作用的相互叠加，地球化学场通常表现为复杂的叠加场。在叠加场内，元素组合的成因特征、变差函数的多级套合结构和多标度分形谱能有效地反映地质地球化学的多期性。相应地，用Ｒ型因子分析法、单变量因子克立格法和多标度分形谱便能有效地实现地球化学场的分解。     

成藏体系中油气田母体的分布形式

预测一个地区油气田的规模分布和数量,为经济分析和勘探决策提供定量依据,是油气资源评价中必不可少的一个部分。目前对成藏体系中油气田规模分布形式存在不同的看法,建立一个可信的母体分布模型是预测油气田规模分布的基础。为研究成藏体系油气田母体的规模的分布形式,本文收集了世界范围内近六十个成藏体系和含油气盆地已发现油气田规模分布的资料,以此分析油气田母体的分布类型。     

Kohonen neural network and factor analysis based approach to geochemical data pattern recognition

Kohonen neural network (KNN) and factor analysis are applied to regional geochemical pattern recognition for a Pb–Zn–Mo–Ag mining area around Sheduolong in Qinghai Province, China. Prior to factor analysis, the geochemical data are classified by KNN. The results demonstrate that the 4-factor model accounted for 67% of the variation in the data. Factor F1, a Pb–Zn–Mo factor and Factor F4, an Au–Ag factor, correlates with monzonitic granite intrusions and particularly with Pb–Zn–Mo–Ag mineralization within those rocks. Factor F2, an As–Co factor, correlates with metamorphic rocks of paleoproterozoic Baishahe formation. Factor F3, a Bi–Cu factor, correlates with granodiorite intrusions. The factor score maps suggest a revised location of faults and their mineralization significance in coarse geological map. The approach not only effectively interprets the geological significance of the factors, but also reduces the area of exploration targets.     

印尼苏拉威西超大型红土型镍矿找矿标志

超大型红土型镍矿主要控矿因素,板块边界三联点构造控制的白垩纪、三叠纪、二叠纪蛇绿岩底部镁质超基性岩,基岩MgO/Fe0比值14～18,通过风化作用后,形成结构分带较好的风化壳,风化壳对数Mgo/全铁比值0.4～1,地貌20～400米标高、5～ 20度坡度角,中、低山面型地貌.     

基于要素分析和二元统计模型的区域滑坡危险等级制图——以国道212线陇南段为例

国道212线陇南段是我国地质灾害最发育的地区之一,绘制该区的滑坡危险等级地图对灾害管理和发展规划是极其必要的。基于滑坡的野外调查、机理研究和室内试验等工作,分析了滑坡与各种要素的相关性,选择控制滑坡的9个重要要素作为评价要素,利用GIS和二元统计的信息值模型和滑坡先验风险要素模型绘制了研究区的滑坡危险等级地图。最后,选用区内11个具有明显滑动位移的活动滑坡与滑坡危险等级地图比较,检验其可靠度。结果表明,活动的滑坡绝大部分都位于危险等级很高和高的范围内,说明两种模型的评价结果与研究区实际情况相吻合,同时也反映出信息值模型与实际情况更加相符。