Identification of biomarkers of cores from the South China Sea

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Water pollution sources assessment by multivariate statistical methods in the Tahtali Basin,Turkey

In this study, multivariate statistical methods including factor, principal component and cluster analysis were applied to surface water quality data sets obtained from the Tahtali River Basin, Turkey. Factor and principal components analysis results revealed that surface water quality was mainly controlled by agricultural uses and domestic discharges. Cluster analysis generated two clusters. Based on the locations of the sites consisted by each cluster and variable concentrations at these stations, it was concluded that agricultural discharges strongly affected north and northeast part of the region. These methods are believed to assist water managers to understand complex nature of water quality issues and determine priorities to improve water quality.     

浅析廊坊市浅层地下水位动态变化特征及其影响因素

通过对廊坊市近20年来浅层地下水水位观测资料进行整理分析,揭示了其水位动态曲线特征及其变化规律,找出了影响浅层地下水水位动态变化的主要因素,并就合理开发、科学利用浅层地下水资源提出了切实可行的对策措施。     

"食在广州"的文化内涵与成因分析

探讨"食在广州"的悠久历史和文化内涵,从物质文化、制度文化和精神文化三个方面总结了"食在广州"的文化表现,认为"食在广州"具有开放性、兼容性、开拓性、灵活性、趋时性和享受性等文化特质;并从自然与经济环境、饮食自身的奇特与怪异、"重吃轻穿"的消费心理等方面分析了"食在广州"得以传播和发展的原因.认为要继续巩固"食在广州"的地位,需要政府重视,企业参与,注重与节事活动的结合,注重与岭南文化的结合,注重"食在广州"文化内涵的深度开发.     

基于因子分析的岩溶地下水水质影响因素研究 ——以毕节市大方县南部为例

为了解研究区岩溶地下水水质形成及离子质量浓度空间变异影响因素,以毕节市大方县南部为研究区,采用因子分析方法对56组水样进行分析,得到基于研究区岩溶地下水水质形成及其影响的4组因子(F1、F2、F3、F4):F1以TH、TDS、COD、Ca2+、SO42-、F-为主,代表了碳酸盐岩及膏盐矿物的充分溶解对水质的影响;F2以游离CO₂、Mg2+、HCO3-为主,反映了碳酸盐岩中白云石矿物的溶解对水质的影响;F3以Na+、K+、Cl-为主,代表了盐岩溶解、大气降水对水质的影响;F4以pH、NO3-为主,揭示了人类生活污水和农业灌溉污水对岩溶地下水水质的影响。以上4种因子可以解释研究区岩溶地下水水质影响因素的80%以上。     

基于因子分析法的西北五省区旅游环境竞争力评价

旅游业日益成为各国各地区重点扶持的战略产业,旅游环境竞争力的研究是旅游竞争力研究的重要方面。本文构建了旅游环境竞争力评价指标体系,借助SPSS17.0统计软件,运用因子分析法和聚类分析法,定量评价了西北五省区旅游环境竞争力,并依据评价结果提出了提升区域旅游环境竞争力和加强区域旅游合作的措施及建议。     

Evolution of groundwater chemistry in and around Vaniyambadi Industrial Area: Differentiating the natural and anthropogenic sources of contamination

Groundwaters in the crystalline aquifers are the major source of drinking water in Vaniyambadi area of Vellore district. Geochemical methods in collaboration with statistical methods were applied in this industrial area to understand the natural and anthropogenic influences on groundwater quality. To accomplish this objective, groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for physicochemical parameters and the results showed a dominance in the order of Na⁺ > Mg²⁺ > Ca²⁺ > K⁺ and HCO₃⁻ > Cl⁻ > SO₄²⁻ > NO₃⁻ for anions and cations, respectively. In contrast to this anion dominance were changed to Cl⁻ > HCO₃⁻ > SO₄²⁻ > NO₃⁻ in samples collected near the tannery industries. Groundwater quality evaluation using TDS and TH suggested that 57% of the total samples are hard-brackish type, indicating its unsuitability for drinking purpose. Generally the water type is Na⁺Cl⁻ to Ca²⁺Mg²⁺HCO₃⁻ type with an intermediate Ca²⁺Mg²⁺Cl⁻, suggesting the mixing of fresh groundwater with tannery effluent and cation exchange. Factor analysis and bivariate plots of major ions suggests that both natural and anthropogenic inputs are equally influencing the groundwater quality. Further investigations proved that silicate weathering is the dominant geogenic source of groundwater solute content, whereas tannery effluent is the anthropogenic source. Saline water mixing index (SWMI) and Cl⁻ vs NO₃⁻ bivariate plot were employed to differentiate the tannery contamination from the other anthropogenic inputs such as agricultural fertilizers, municipal sewages, etc. This analysis shows that samples 2, 4, 8 and 9 (located within the tannery cluster) have a SWMI value greater than 1, representing the groundwater–tannery effluent mixing. This study infers that groundwater in the Vaniyambadi area is under serious threat from both natural and anthropogenic contamination. However, the controlling discharge of untreated tannery effluents must be regulated to reduce the further deterioration of this vital resource in this part of the country.     

Seismic stability analysis of a layered rock slope

In general, the determination of the factor of safety and the location of the critical slip surface are two major challenges in seismic slope stability analysis. In this paper, a new approach for determining the factor of safety and the corresponding critical slip surface of a layered rock slope subjected to seismic excitations is presented, through a case study based on the combination of the shear strength reduction technique and distinct element method. According to this proposed method, the seismic factor of safety and the critical slip surface of the slope are estimated and compared with those obtained by the pseudo-static approach, combined with the limit equilibrium method. It is found that the factor of safety obtained from the proposed method is slightly greater than that computed by the pseudo-static analysis, with a difference of 4.2%, and that the critical slip surface obtained from the two methods is identical, which confirms the reasonability and feasibility of the proposed method.     

云南金平银厂坡金矿成矿模式

银厂坡金矿位于金平断凹西部哀牢山深大断裂南缘。控矿因素为地层、构造、岩浆岩。为岩浆期后热液通过富集作用形成的残坡积土型金矿。系统介绍银厂坡金矿地质特征和成矿规律,给出该区理想的成矿模式。     

Chemical composition of wet deposition in a Mediterranean site Athens,Greece related to the origin of air masses

The goal of this study is to determine the chemical composition of rain, in the wider region of Athens, Greece for the time period 1st September 2001 to 31st August 2002. Two model automatic rain samplers were installed in the Meteorological Station of Laboratory of Climatology (latitude: 37° 58′ N, longitude: 23° 47′ E) inside the Athens University Campus and in a site at Heraklio Attica, a northern suburb of Athens (latitude: 38° 03′ N, longitude: 23° 45′ E). The concentrations (μeq l⁻¹) of the major cations (H⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺) and anions (Cl⁻, , και ), as well as pH and conductivity of rain in 39 total samples were determined. The figures of pH range from 6.4 to 8.4 and conductivity from 8 to 207 μS cm⁻¹. The analysis showed that Ca²⁺ ions are abundant within all examined samples, while and present the highest concentrations from the anions. In order to find out the origin of the air masses, the air mass back trajectories were calculated. Five sectors of the origin of air masses were revealed: the North, the South, the Local, the West and the East sector. Multivariate methods included Factor Analysis and Discriminant Analysis were applied to the examined ion concentrations and three main factors were extracted, which discriminated the ions according to their origin. The first group of ions is interpreted as the result of the anthropogenic activity, the second group represents the acidity–alkalinity independently of their source and the third one the marine influence.