Gravitational waves: The future of black hole physics

The new millennium will witness the operation of several long-baseline ground-based interferometric detectors, possibly a space-based detector too, which will make it possible to directly observe black holes by catching gravitational waves emitted by them during their formation or when they are perturbed or when a binary consisting of black holes in-spirals due to radiation reaction. Such observations will help us not only to test some of the fundamental predictions of Einstein's general relativity but will also give us the unique opportunity to map black hole spacetimes, to measure the masses and spins of black holes and their population, etc.     

激光扫平仪光束水平误差的检定

阐述了激光扫平仪光束水平误差的检定方法、激光扫平仪特征方向水平误差及其检测步骤和数据处理方法,给出了精度分析和实测结果     

应用地震层析成象技术研究深部速度结构

罗马尼亚Ｖａｎｃｅａ地震区是大陆上发生与板块磁撞和削减有关的中深部地震活动的地区之一。本文介绍了应用地震层析成象方法研究该地区深部速度结构成果。在研究中使用了地方和区域地震所记录的４３３个浅源和中部地震的到时资料反演求解深至２００ｋｍ的三维速度结构,在走时和射线路径的计算中利用了有效的三维射线跟踪技术,在反演中采用ＬＳＱＲ算法,高分辨率的地震层析图象揭示了速度结构的广泛不均匀性,结果表明,地震层析     

基于正交试验原理的锚喷参数设计系统及其应用

基于正交试验原理,把正交设计方法与地下工程有限元数值模拟有机地结合应用于锚喷支护参数的优化,形成基于正交试验原理的洞室锚喷参数设计系统的基本思路。并以此为基础编制了相应的程序,应用于地下工程锚喷支护设计。     

粗差的拟准检定法(QUAD法)

以往对付粗差的各种方法都是以余差（残差）为研究对象的。本文提出一种全新的研究思路和方法,从真误差入手。真误差与观测值有确定的解析关系。但关系式的系数阵是秩亏的。本文借鉴周江文的“拟稳平差”思想,提出“拟准观测”的概念,附加“拟准观测的真误差范数极小”的条件,解决了关于真误差的秩亏方程组求解定解的问题,推导了粗差的拟准检定法算式。该方法依据真误差估值的分布特征,检测粗差准确可靠。不仅能有效地同时定位     

Real‐time hybrid testing using the unconditionally stable explicit CR integration algorithm

Real‐time hybrid testing combines experimental testing and numerical simulation, and provides a viable alternative for the dynamic testing of structural systems. An integration algorithm is used in real‐time hybrid testing to compute the structural response based on feedback restoring forces from experimental and analytical substructures. Explicit integration algorithms are usually preferred over implicit algorithms as they do not require iteration and are therefore computationally efficient. The time step size for explicit integration algorithms, which are typically conditionally stable, can be extremely small in order to avoid numerical stability when the number of degree‐of‐freedom of the structure becomes large. This paper presents the implementation and application of a newly developed unconditionally stable explicit integration algorithm for real‐time hybrid testing. The development of the integration algorithm is briefly reviewed. An extrapolation procedure is introduced in the implementation of the algorithm for real‐time testing to ensure the continuous movement of the servo‐hydraulic actuator. The stability of the implemented integration algorithm is investigated using control theory. Real‐time hybrid test results of single‐degree‐of‐freedom and multi‐degree‐of‐freedom structures with a passive elastomeric damper subjected to earthquake ground motion are presented. The explicit integration algorithm is shown to enable the exceptional real‐time hybrid test results to be achieved. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

利用探地雷达的极化特性检测建筑物结构

探地雷达偶极子天线激发的是线性极化波,其主要极化方向与天线的长轴平行。接收天线对与其长轴平行的入射电场分量最敏感。对于高导圆柱体,当半径与波长之比较小时,其散射场TE极化的后向散射宽度要小于TM极化的后向散射宽度。通过桥梁结构检测实例证明,利用这种特性,在建筑物结构检测时,采用发射天线和接收天线平行、且垂直于钢筋走向的天线布置,可以减少浅部钢筋的散射,增强雷达剖面中对深部目标的辨识。     

Novel coupling Rosenbrock‐based algorithms for real‐time dynamic substructure testing

Real‐time testing with dynamic substructuring is a novel experimental technique capable of assessing the behaviour of structures subjected to dynamic loadings including earthquakes. The technique involves recreating the dynamics of the entire structure by combining an experimental test piece consisting of part of the structure with a numerical model simulating the remainder of the structure. These substructures interact in real time to emulate the behaviour of the entire structure. Time integration is the most versatile method for analysing the general case of linear and non‐linear semi‐discretized equations of motion. In this paper we propose for substructure testing, L‐stable real‐time (LSRT) compatible integrators with two and three stages derived from the Rosenbrock methods. These algorithms are unconditionally stable for uncoupled problems and entail a moderate computational cost for real‐time performance. They can also effectively deal with stiff problems, i.e. complex emulated structures for which solutions can change on a time scale that is very short compared with the interval of time integration, but where the solution of interest changes on a much longer time scale. Stability conditions of the coupled substructures are analysed by means of the zero‐stability approach, and the accuracy of the novel algorithms in the coupled case is assessed in both the unforced and forced conditions. LSRT algorithms are shown to be more competitive than popular Runge–Kutta methods in terms of stability, accuracy and ease of implementation. Numerical simulations and real‐time substructure tests are used to demonstrate the favourable properties of the proposed algorithms. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Bikini Atoll coral biodiversity resilience five decades after nuclear testing

Five decades after a series of nuclear tests began, we provide evidence that 70% of the Bikini Atoll zooxanthellate coral assemblage is resilient to large-scale anthropogenic disturbance. Species composition in 2002 was assessed and compared to that seen prior to nuclear testing. A total of 183 scleractinian coral species was recorded, compared to 126 species recorded in the previous study (excluding synonomies, 148 including synonomies). We found that 42 coral species may be locally extinct at Bikini. Fourteen of these losses may be pseudo-losses due to inconsistent taxonomy between the two studies or insufficient sampling in the second study, however 28 species appear to represent genuine losses. Of these losses, 16 species are obligate lagoonal specialists and 12 have wider habitat compatibility. Twelve species are recorded from Bikini for the first time. We suggest the highly diverse Rongelap Atoll to the east of Bikini may have contributed larval propagules to facilitate the partial resilience of coral biodiversity in the absence of additional anthropogenic threats.     

Evaluation of stony coral indicators for coral reef management

Colonies of reef-building stony corals at 57 stations around St. Croix, US Virgin Islands were characterized by species, size and percentage of living tissue. Taxonomic, biological and physical indicators of coral condition were derived from these measurements and assessed for their response to gradients of human disturbance—a requirement for indicators used in regulatory assessments under authority of the Clean Water Act. At the most intensely disturbed location, five of eight primary indicators were highly correlated with distance from the source of disturbance: Coral taxa richness, average colony size, the coefficient of variation of colony size, total topographic coral surface area, and live coral surface area. An additional set of exploratory indicators related to rarity, reproductive and spawning mode and taxonomic identity were also screened. The primary indicators demonstrated sufficient precision to detect levels of change that would be applicable in a regional-scale regulatory program.