新时期千烟洲模式研究进展（英文）

20世纪80年代初期,为了解决赣中红壤丘陵区雨季水土流失、旱季农田缺水等问题,中科院千烟洲站李文华院士研究团队提出了著名的“丘上林草丘间塘,河谷滩地果鱼粮”千烟洲模式,进行林–牧–粮、林–果–经、水–陆复合经营等模式的试验示范和推广,解决了生态修复和农业生产中的主要问题。进入新时期以来,在习近平“两山论、生命共同体、生态兴则文明兴”等生态文明思想的引领下,千烟洲模式正在赋予新的内涵。为了减少农药和杜绝抗生素等使用,提升农产品质量,增加农民收入,助力乡村振兴战略,目前千烟洲站在赣中红壤丘陵区重点开展了“林–果–禽、构树–猪–果、草–羊（牛）–肥–果、构树–鱼–鹅、稻–虾”等农业绿色发展模式试验示范,以期为江西赣中革命老区的生态环境保护和农民富裕等生态文明建设贡献千烟洲智慧。     

Intermodel Diversity of Simulated Long-term Changes in the Austral Winter Southern Annular Mode: Role of the Southern Ocean Dipole

The Southern Annular Mode(SAM)plays an important role in regulating Southern Hemisphere extratropical circulation.State-of-the-art models exhibit intermodel spread in simulating long-term changes in the SAM.Results from Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project(AMIP)experiments from 28 models archived in CMIP5 show that the intermodel spread in the linear trend in the austral winter(June?July?August)SAM is significant,with an intermodel standard deviation of 0.28(10 yr)?1,larger than the multimodel ensemble mean of 0.18(10 yr)?1.This study explores potential factors underlying the model difference from the aspect of extratropical sea surface temperature(SST).Extratropical SST anomalies related to the SAM exhibit a dipole-like structure between middle and high latitudes,referred to as the Southern Ocean Dipole(SOD).The role of SOD-like SST anomalies in influencing the SAM is found in the AMIP simulations.Model performance in simulating the SAM trend is linked with model skill in reflecting the SOD?SAM relationship.Models with stronger linkage between the SOD and the SAM tend to simulate a stronger SAM trend.The explained variance is about 40%in the AMIP runs.These results suggest improved simulation of the SOD?SAM relationship may help reproduce long-term changes in the SAM.     

鄱阳湖碟形湖泊植物分解和水位变化对水体碳、氮浓度的叠加效应

以鄱阳湖典型碟形湖泊——白沙湖为监测对象,开展水体有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)、铵态氮(NH_4~+-N)和硝态氮(NO_3~--N)浓度的年内动态变化的定位观测,结合在白沙湖开展的灰化薹草(Carex cinerascens)分解模拟实验和稳定同位素示踪技术,对薹草分解过程和水体营养盐浓度变化进行时间匹配,分析水体中颗粒态有机物(POM)的来源,并探讨水位变化和薹草分解对水体营养盐浓度的交互作用.结果表明,水体TOC、TN和NH_4~+-N浓度在枯水季1—4月明显高于其他月份;薹草在0~60 d具有最高的分解速率,鄱阳湖碟形湖泊洲滩湿地薹草分解起始时间为当年12月前后;水体POM与薹草活体和分解残体的δ~(13)C差异不显著,而与苦草和藻类具有显著性差异,说明薹草分解残体是水体中POM的主要来源;薹草分解过程明显影响湖泊水体TN、NH_4~+-N和TOC浓度变化;水位变化对湖泊水体NO_3~--N浓度变化效应最明显.     

Permeability of Municipal Solid Waste in Bioreactor Landfill with Degradation

Bioreactor landfills are operated for rapid stabilization of waste, increased landfill gas generation for cost-effective energy recovery, gain in landfill space, enhanced leachate treatment, and reduced post closure maintenance period. The fundamental process of waste stabilization in bioreactor landfill is recirculation of generated leachate back into the landfills. This creates a favorable environment for rapid microbial decomposition of the biodegradable solid waste. In order to better estimate the generated leachate and design of leachate recirculation system, clear understanding of the permeability of the Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) with degradation and the factors influencing the permeability is necessary. The objective of the paper is to determine the changes in hydraulic properties of MSW in bioreactor landfill with time and decomposition. Four small-scale bioreactor landfills were built in laboratory and samples were prepared to represent each phase of decomposition. Then, the changes in hydraulic properties of MSW in bioreactor landfill with time and decomposition were determined. A series of constant head permeability tests were performed on the samples generated in laboratory scale bioreactor landfills to determine variation of permeability of MSW with degradation. The test results indicated that the permeability of MSW in bioreactor landfills decreases with decomposition. Based on the test results, the permeability of MSW at the first phase of degradation was estimated as 0.0088 cm/s at density 700 kg/m³. However, with degradation, permeability decreased to 0.0013 cm/s at the same density, for MSW at Phase IV.     

PN断面东海黑潮的地转经验模态分析

基于东海PN断面近50年的历史水文数据,本文中作者应用一种斜压流函数空间投影的方法分析冲绳海槽北部黑潮水团的季节性和年代际变异.诊断生成的地转经验模态(GEM)显示黑潮中层水的盐度在夏季相对较低,春季达到最高.通过比较1987年之后CTD数据生成的GEM场与1987年之前BOttle数据生成的GEM场,得以证实黑潮的年代际变化特征,即黑潮表层水近20年来温度升高而盐度减小,同时发现黑潮热带水具有盐度增加而中层水具有盐度减小的趋势.     

采煤塌陷地复垦模式综合效益的评价研究

根据调查研究,建立了一个由3级递阶系统（目标层、准则层、子准则层）、3大类（经济效益、生态效益、社会效益）、11项指标构成的塌陷地复垦模式综合效益评价指标体系,并构建了评价模型。运用该评价模型,对积水较深的塌陷地、积水较浅或季节性积水的塌陷地、无积水塌陷地3种情况下,农业复垦、林业复垦、渔业复垦和旅游业复垦4种典型复垦模式的综合效益进行了评价,以期对塌陷地复垦模式的选择和设计提供指导。