某隔震结构动力特性的理论分析与脉动测试

本文针对国内最大单体隔震建筑建立了SAP2000三维分析模型,并进行了动力特性的理论分析;现场对实际建筑进行了平移振动、扭转振动、垂直振动和平面内弯曲4个方面的脉动测试。利用工程振动反演理论分析了该结构的固有频率、振型、阻尼等动力特性,将实测结构动力特性与理论分析结果进行比较,详细分析实测结果与理论结果差别的原因,并据此对理论模型进行修正,为今后类似结构的设计积累了资料。     

经验GREEN函数法研究丽江6.0级强余震的地震动及破裂特征

利用经验Green函数方法，用1996年云南丽江地震后的ML4．7级地震合成了这次地震的最大余震Ms6．0的加速度记录，通过与实际记录在频域和时域的对比研究，分析研究了地震动特征和这次最大余震的可能破裂特征，并对经验Green函数方法进一步的改进方向进行了探讨。     

The value of a physically based model versus an empirical approach in the prediction of ephemeral gully erosion for loess-derived soils

A data set on soil losses and controlling factors for 58 ephemeral gullies has been collected in the Belgian loess belt from March 1997 to March 1999. Of the observed ephemeral gullies, 32 developed at the end of winter or in early spring (winter gullies) and 26 ephemeral gullies developed during summer (summer gullies). The assessed data have been used to test the physically based Ephemeral Gully Erosion Model (EGEM) and to compare its performance with the value of simple topographical and morphological indices in the prediction of ephemeral gully erosion.Analysis shows that EGEM is not capable of predicting ephemeral gully cross-sections well. Although conditions for input parameter assessment were ideal, some parameters such as channel erodibility, critical flow shear stress and local rainfall depth showed great uncertainty. Rather than revealing EGEM's inability of predicting ephemeral gully erosion, this analysis stresses the problematic nature of physically based models, since they often require input parameters that are not available or can hardly be obtained.With respect to the value of simple topographical and morphological indices in predicting ephemeral gully erosion, this study shows that for winter gullies and summer gullies, respectively, over 80% and about 75% of the variation in ephemeral gully volume can be explained when ephemeral gully length is known. Moreover, when previously collected data for ephemeral gullies in two Mediterranean study areas and the data for summer gullies formed in the Belgian loess belt are pooled, it appears that one single length (L)–volume (V) relation exists (V=0.048 L^1.29; R²=0.91). These findings imply that predicting ephemeral gully length is a valuable alternative for the prediction of ephemeral gully volume. A simple procedure to predict ephemeral gully length based on topographical thresholds is presented here. Secondly, the empirical length–volume relation can also be used to convert ephemeral gully length data extracted from aerial photos into ephemeral gully volumes.     

青藏高原OLR的气候特征及其对北半球大气环流的影响

利用１９７４－１９９０年青藏高原地区地－气系统月平均射出长波辐射资料，采用ＥＯＦ方法分析了前３个特征向量场，得到了青藏高原地区地－气系统射出长波辐射的几种异常形式，阐述了它们的天气气候特征，并对不同气候区的持续 及其与北半球大气环流的关系作了研究。     

三维绿色生物量的遥感模式研究与绿化环境效益估算

本文从理论和技术上叙述了绿量的遥感模式研究和绿化环境效益估算，并取得了以下几个方面的进展：（１）提出了绿量的概念，进一步完善了城市绿化的量化指标体系；（２）成功地修正了“逻辑斯蒂曲线”方程，并以平面量模拟立体量的方法测算了上海市全市的绿量，不仅节省了人力物力，而且提高了精度；（３）提出了模式林的概念及测定了以绿量估算绿化环境效益中所必须的标准换算量；（４）首次用绿量在全市范围估算了绿化群落的吸碳产氧、吸收二氧化硫、滞尘及夏季降温等环境效益。为分析现有绿化群落布局与结构的合理性，及为绿化规划乃至整个城市的总体规划提供了很有价值的技术参数。     

中国东部地区断裂的缜奏性活动

对中国东部地区断裂的节奏性活动进行了探讨,认为这种节奏性活动主要根据构造地貌进行鉴别,并可分为六种型式:稳定—蠕滑错动;稳定—急速错动;蠕滑—急速错动;交替型蠕滑错动;交替型急速错动和复式错动。地震活动周期与断裂的节奏性活动相关联。断裂活动产生强震的型式有单发式、对偶式和连发式,这三种形式分别出现在不同的断裂中,并取决于不同区域、不同断裂的活动特征。     

InSAR相位分解及其在生成DEM和研究地震形变场中的应用

InSAR是极具发展潜力的微波遥感新技术,可应用于数字高程模型的产生、制图和大范围微小地表形变的测量。考虑参考面、地形和地表形变等因素,本文从几何角度分析和讨论了In-SAR的相位分解,并给出了各相位分量的函数表达式,阐述了地表高程和形变信息提取的基本原理。最后以JERS和ENVISAT卫星数据为例,展示了合成孔径雷达干涉测量在生成数字高程模型和提取地震形变场中的应用及其数据处理过程。     

Effect of hematite on thiosulphate leaching of gold

Hematite, as a typical iron oxide slime in sulphide ore slurries, was artificially added into the leaching systems of pure gold and a sulphide ore respectively, in an attempt to investigate the effect of iron oxide slimes on the ammoniacal thiosulphate leaching of gold. The presence of hematite significantly reduced the dissolution of gold and this detrimental effect became more pronounced with increasing hematite concentration. Hematite formed coatings on gold surfaces, which could prevent leach solution from diffusing to the gold surfaces and hence, inhibit gold dissolution. Hematite catalysed the oxidative decomposition of thiosulphate to polythionates with oxygen present. XPS studies indicated a thin layer of iron oxide coating as well as the deposition of some copper and sulphur species on gold surfaces. SEM images revealed a lesser extent of corrosion for gold after leaching in the presence of hematite. The gold extraction from the sulphide ore was reduced with the addition of hematite and this effect became more noticeable with an addition of hematite at a higher concentration. A natural guar type surfactant (Gempolym M47) reduced the detrimental effect of hematite on gold extraction likely due to the prevention of hematite coating on gold and mineral particles and the dispersion of the mineral slurry. Gempolym M47 stabilised thiosulphate by weakening the interaction between cupric ions and thiosulphate and by minimising the catalytic effect of hematite on thiosulphate decomposition.     

Source parameters of intermediate-depth Vrancea (Romania) earthquakes from empirical Green's functions modeling

Several source parameters (source dimensions, slip, particle velocity, static and dynamic stress drop) are determined for the moderate-size October 27th, 2004 (M_W = 5.8), and the large August 30th, 1986 (M_W = 7.1) and March 4th, 1977 (M_W = 7.4) Vrancea (Romania) intermediate-depth earthquakes. For this purpose, the empirical Green's functions method of Irikura [e.g. Irikura, K. (1983). Semi-Empirical Estimation of Strong Ground Motions during Large Earthquakes. Bull. Dis. Prev. Res. Inst., Kyoto Univ., 33, Part 2, No. 298, 63–104., Irikura, K. (1986). Prediction of strong acceleration motions using empirical Green's function, in Proceedings of the 7th Japan earthquake engineering symposium, 151–156., Irikura, K. (1999). Techniques for the simulation of strong ground motion and deterministic seismic hazard analysis, in Proceedings of the advanced study course seismotectonic and microzonation techniques in earthquake engineering: integrated training in earthquake risk reduction practices, Kefallinia, 453–554.] is used to generate synthetic time series from recordings of smaller events (with 4 ≤ M_W ≤ 5) in order to estimate several parameters characterizing the so-called strong motion generation area, which is defined as an extended area with homogeneous slip and rise time and, for crustal earthquakes, corresponds to an asperity of about 100 bar stress release [Miyake, H., T. Iwata and K. Irikura (2003). Source characterization for broadband ground-motion simulation: Kinematic heterogeneous source model and strong motion generation area. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 93, 2531–2545.] The parameters are obtained by acceleration envelope and displacement waveform inversion for the 2004 and 1986 events and MSK intensity pattern inversion for the 1977 event using a genetic algorithm. The strong motion recordings of the analyzed Vrancea earthquakes as well as the MSK intensity pattern of the 1977 earthquake can be well reproduced using relatively small strong motion generation areas, which corresponds to small asperities with high stress drops (300–1200 bar) and high particle velocities (3–5 m/s). These results imply a very efficient high-frequency radiation, which has to be taken into account for strong ground motion prediction, and indicate that the intermediate-depth Vrancea earthquakes are inherently different from crustal events.     

安徽和县香泉独立铊矿床铊的赋存状态研究

分散元素铊成矿作用的相关研究近年来已经取得了重要进展,但矿床中铊的赋存状态研究仍有待深入.香泉独立铊矿床位于长江中下游成矿带北侧的皖东地区,该矿床中铊的赋存状态研究对拓展铊元素成矿研究具有重要意义.本文通过矿相学、微量元素地球化学、电子探针分析和X射线粉晶分析等方法,确定了香泉铊矿床中黄铁矿是铊的主要载体矿物.铊在黄铁矿中主要以类质同象形式替代铁进入黄铁矿晶格,其次以纳米级、次纳米级铊矿物颗粒形式产出.