太平洋海温场的变化与地球自转速度的关系

本文通过交叉谱分析揭示了地球自转存在１５２个月,１２个月和６个月的显著周期。赤道东太平洋ＳＳＴＡ存在３８个月,２１４个月,５１个月和３个月的显著周期,并且二者在３８个月和１５２个月的周期上关系密切。落后时间长度谱显示,对于３８个月和１５２个月的周期,海温的变化能影响地球自转的速率;而对于２１４个月的周期,地球自转的变化能影响海温场的变化,但此为次要因素。     

北京平谷地震台地电阻率前兆异常特征

在1989年大同6.1级、1990年大海坨山5.0级及1998年张北6.2级等地震前，平谷地震台的地电阻率都出现了不同程度的异常。中对每个地震地电阻率异常做了分析，并根据台站的地质构造情况作进一步探讨。     

A comparative analysis of a fixed thresholding vs. a classification tree approach for operational burn scar detection and mapping

The scope of this paper is to demonstrate, evaluate and compare two burn scar mapping (BSM) approaches developed and applied operationally in the framework of the RISK-EOS service element project within the Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) program funded by ESA (http://www.risk-eos.com). The first method is the BSM_NOA, a fixed thresholding method using a set of specifically designed and combined image enhancements, whilst the second one is the BSM_ITF, a decision tree classification approach based on a wide range of biophysical parameters. The two methods were deployed and compared in the framework of operational mapping conditions set by RISK-EOS standards, based either on sets of uni- or multi-temporal satellite images acquired by Landsat 5 TM and SPOT 4 HRV. The evaluation of the performance of the two methods showed that either in uni- or multi-temporal acquisition mode, the two methods reach high detection capability rates ranging from 80% to 91%. At the same time, the minimum burnt area detected was of 0.9–1.0 ha, despite the coarser spatial resolution of Landsat 5 TM sensor. Among the advantages of the satellite-based approaches compared to conventional burn scar mapping, are cost-efficiency, repeatability, flexibility, and high spatial and thematic accuracy from local to country level. Following the catastrophic fire season of 2007, burn scar maps were generated using BSM_NOA for the entirety of Greece and BSM_ITF for south France in the framework of the RISK-EOS/GMES Services Element project.     

Google Earth在航空摄影测量中的应用

分析了GoogleEarth当前的关键技术,并以酒泉风电场1：2000地形图航空摄影测量工作为倒,介绍了GoogleEarth在野外测量工作中的应用情况,并简要说明了在GoogleEarth中进行二次开发实现文件导入与导出功能,最后提出了在实际工作中应用的经验和建议.     

三维坐标转换的公共点选择方法

三维坐标变换中转换参数直接影响到转换点的精度,而转换参数与公共点的分布和精度有关。本文通过以转换点的拟合误差最小为目标函数求解转换参数,逐步剔除精度不高和分布不合理的公共点,使得转换参数相对于所有的转换点达到局部最优。最后通过模拟实例证明:通过该方法获取的转换参数与求得的转换点精度优于常规方法。     

基于VC++的Google Earth KML地标文件的自动生成及应用

利用谷歌地球实现测量控制点可视化管理的一种方法：首先将BJ-54坐标转换为Google Earth支持的WGS-84坐标,然后用KML语言和VC＋＋批量生成控制点地标并将其导入Google Earth中。与传统的利用点之记的方法相比,这种方法更加简单方便,精度高,寻找测量控制点更加迅速;与手工单个标注的方法相比,批量标注的方法效率更高,更适合用于对整个测区控制点的标注和管理。     

分布式海量多源空间数据的组织与网络可视化

分析了实现分布式数字地球系统的关键技术,提出了其架构和一种适用于空间数据的全球四叉树金字塔的分层分块方案,实现了基于Direct3D的分布式数字地球原型系统GeoGlobe。     

破裂角的确定及其对土压力计算的适用性分析

在使用朗肯或库伦理论设计挡土墙土压力计算时,都涉及到一个非常重要的因素,即土体破裂角的确定,破裂角的确定对挡土墙土压力分析和计算具有十分重要的意义。依据在长期地质灾害治理工程设计中总结的经验,结合常用挡土墙设计中遇到的几种不同情况,以实例剖析解释了破裂角的概念,分析和探论了破裂角的确定及其对挡土墙土压力设计的适用性,提出了在挡土墙设计中,根据不同场景条件确定防护土体破裂角的方法。     

植物挥发性有机物的气候与环境效应研究进展

植物挥发性有机物(Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds,BVOCs)是大气中挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)的主要组分,具有重要的气候与环境效应。在梳理和总结既有研究成果的基础上,立足于BVOCs的大气化学过程,阐述了BVOCs不同组分的化学反应过程及其在大气臭氧(O3)和二次有机气溶胶(SOA)污染形成中的作用,指出了BVOCs在O_3和SOA污染形成中的重要性,以及BVOCs影响地球气候的2种主要途径:1通过形成SOA以气溶胶的形式影响地球大气辐射平衡;2参与地球碳循环,影响CH_4和CO等温室气体的寿命。进而,分别总结了BVOCs通过上述2个途径对地球气候影响的研究成果;阐述了BVOCs观测技术的现状与排放量估算模型的发展历程,分析了模型的优缺点与模型间的传承关系及其与气候系统模式耦合的现状。同时展望了BVOCs气候与环境效应亟需深入研究的问题,包括BVOCs氧化机制、产物的理化性质、耦合BVOCs排放及大气化学过程的地球系统模式研制等。     

The Impact of the Static Part of the Earth's Gravity Field on Some Tests of General Relativity with Satellite Laser Ranging

In this paper we calculate explicitly the classical secular precessions of the node and the perigee of an Earth artificial satellite induced by the even zonal harmonics of the static part of the geopotential up to degree l = 20. Subsequently, their systematic errors induced by the mismodelling in the even zonal spherical harmonics coefficients J _l are compared to the general relativistic secular gravitomagnetic and gravitoelectric precessions of the node and the perigee of the existing laser-ranged geodetic satellites and of the proposed LARES. The impact of the future terrestrial gravity models from CHAMP and GRACE missions is discussed as well. Preliminary estimates with the recently released EIGEN-1S gravity model including the first CHAMP data are presented.