极地和青藏高原地区的气候变化及其影响

南极、北极和青藏高原素有地球三极之称,是多个国际计划研究全球变化的关键地区.南北极和青藏高原是全球气候变化的敏感地区,要了解全球气候变化,必须对南北极和青藏高原地区有所研究.在当前全球变暖的大背景下,地球三极地区的气候变化在时间和空间上都是多样的,这些变化对全球大气环流和我国的天气气候也会发生影响.加强对南极、北极和青...     

Earth/Moon impact rate comparison: Searching constraints for lunar secondary/primary cratering proportion

Published data for global impact rate of bolides are compared with the cratering rate on the Moon in the past 100 Ma (assumed to be constant). The comparison shows, that in the limits of used models accuracy, the current meteoroid flux in the Earth-Moon system is approximately the same as in the last 100 Ma, provided most of the small (D<200 m) craters counted on the young (?100 Ma) lunar surface are primary, not secondary craters.     

Acid saline lake systems give clues about past environments and the search for life on Mars

Acid saline lake systems in Western Australia may be the best known modern terrestrial analog for the Burns formation on Mars and, thus, provide information about past environments and life on Mars.     

从南极洲用微引力透镜技术探测太阳系外类地行星

太阳系外的类地行星可借助1米级望远镜用微引力透镜技术探测．基本的要求是能对银河核球进行连续观测的能力．置于南极洲冰穹A或冰穹C的望远镜特别合适．这里叙说两种可能的观测方案,一是使用一架1米的可见光望远镜(Ⅴ和Ⅰ通带),另一是用一台2米的大视场近红外望远镜．利用它们可以在数年内对类地行星在银河系内的丰度作一粗略测量,也可以对恒星大气作有用的测量．     

Atmospheric Excitation of Time Variable Length-of-Day on Seasonal Scales

We use the method of wavelet transform to analyze the time series of the Earth's rotation rate of the EOP(IERS)C04.The result shows that the seasonal (annual and semiannual)variation of the length-of-day(LOD)has temporal vari- ability in its period length and amplitude.During 1965.0-2001.0,the periods of the semiannual and annual components varied mainly from 175-day to 190-day and from 360-day to 370-day,respectively;while their amplitudes varied by more than 0.2 ms and 0.1 ms,respectively.Analyzing the axial component of atmospheric angular mo- mentum(AAM)during this period,we have found that time-variations of period lengths and amplitudes also exist in the seasonal oscillations of the axial AAM and are in good consistency with those of the seasonal LOD change.The time variation of the axial AAM can explain largely the change of the LOD on seasonal scales.     

Northern Eurasia earth science partnership initiative (NEESPI), science plan overview

Northern Eurasia Earth System Partnership Initiative, NEESPI, was established to address the global change processes associated with and/or originated within Northern Eurasia as well as to study the major socially-important processes within the region. NEESPI began as a US–Russian initiative but has quickly broadened into a fully international program. Scientists from 11 countries participated in preparing the NEESPI Science Plan. Current version of the Science Plan was released for public review on the World Wide Web in summer 2004 and finalized in December 2004. This paper provides an Overview of the Plan and is based, mainly, on its Executive Summary. The Overview describes the Plan's science themes and key science questions, provides a justification of the urgency studying Northern Eurasia from the global change prospective, and outlines research strategy and tools to address NEESPI science questions, as well as projected deliverables of the Initiative.     

Solar System Processes Underlying Planetary Formation, Geodynamics, and the Georeactor

Only three processes, operant during the formation of the Solar System, are responsible for the diversity of matter in the Solar System and are directly responsible for planetary internal-structures, including planetocentric nuclear fission reactors, and for dynamical processes, including and especially, geodynamics. These processes are: (i) Low-pressure, low-temperature condensation from solar matter in the remote reaches of the Solar System or in the interstellar medium; (ii) High-pressure, high-temperature condensation from solar matter associated with planetary-formation by raining out from the interiors of giant-gaseous protoplanets, and; (iii) Stripping of the primordial volatile components from the inner portion of the Solar System by super-intense solar wind associated with T-Tauri phase mass-ejections, presumably during the thermonuclear ignition of the Sun. As described herein, these processes lead logically, in a causally related manner, to a coherent vision of planetary formation with profound implications including, but not limited to, (a) Earth formation as a giant gaseous Jupiter-like planet with vast amounts of stored energy of protoplanetary compression in its rock-plus-alloy kernel; (b) Removal of approximately 300 Earth-masses of primordial volatile gases from the Earth, which began Earth’s decompression process, making available the stored energy of protoplanetary compression for driving geodynamic processes, which I have described by the new whole-Earth decompression dynamics and which is responsible for emplacing heat at the mantle-crust-interface at the base of the crust through the process I have described, called mantle decompression thermal-tsunami; and, (c) Uranium accumulations at the planetary centers capable of self-sustained nuclear fission chain reactions.     

A Check on the Variations of Earth‘s Rotation with an Ancient Solar Eclipse

We address the relation between an ancient total eclipse, which occurred on A.D.1542 August 11 and the variation of Earth‘‘s rotation. The total eclipse was recorded in some ancient Chinese books, especially in local chronicles. Some of the documents include useful information for determining the location of the totality zone. The parameters of the eclipse are calculated by using the DE406 Ephemeris.A high-precision value of AT which expresses the variation of the Earth‘‘s rotation,of about 300 ～ 380 s, is obtained.     

电离层TEC对GRB041227的响应

2004年12月27日世界时21时30分,一个非常强的γ射线暴扫过地球,它使得暴露在这次事件中的地球高层大气产生额外电离.在爆发期间,地球上多个甚低频(VLF)电波台站都同时观测到了电离层突然骚扰(SID)事件.对GOES卫星的X射线数据、ACE卫星的太阳风和行星际数据以及理论分析表明,地球上观测到的SID事件是由GRB041227引起的.另外,利用国际GPS服务网(IGS)提供的观测数据,采用相干求和的数据处理方法研究了电离层总电子含量(TEC)对这次γ射线暴的响应.结果表明,SGR1806-20产生的GRB041227对地球电离层产生了明显的影响.在爆发期间,平均电离层TEC有一定的增加,其最大增加值约0.04TECU(1TECU=10~(16)el/m~2),产生效果与一个C级或者低于C级的太阳耀斑相当.计算结果还表明了遥远的天体也能对地球的近地空间环境产生或多或少的影响.