网格(Grid)的一些特点及产生的背景分析

互联网正经历着Internet→Web→网格的发展历程, 趋势是WWW→GGG。 自从第一个网格雏形PACI在美国出现后, 国内外介绍网格的文章、 专著和网站也多起来, 极大地推动了网格的应用和发展。 在大量浏览文献、 专著和相关网站有关内容后得到了一些认识, 初步总结出网格的4个一般性特点, 并客观地分析了网格产生的4个主要原因。 经过研究认为, 网格将对地球科学产生巨大的影响。     

A new model of angular momentum transfer from the rotating central body of a two‐body system to the orbital motion of the system

In a previous paper we treated within the framework of our Projective Unified Field Theory (Schmutzer 2004, 2005a) the 2‐body system (e.g. Earth‐Moon system) with a rotating central body in a rather abstract manner. Here a concrete model of the transfer of angular momentum from the rotating central body to the orbital motion of the whole 2‐body system is presented, where particularly the transfer is caused by the inhomogeneous gravitational force of the Moon acting on the oceanic waters of the Earth, being modeled by a spherical shell around the solid Earth. The theory is numerically tested. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Evidence for tidal triggering on the earthquakes of the Hellenic Arc,Greece

In this paper we investigate the tidal triggering evidence on the earthquakes of the seismic area of the Hellenic Arc using the Hist(ogram)Cum(mulation) method. We analyze the series of the earthquakes occurred in the area which is confined by the longitudes 22° and 28°E and latitudes 34° and 36°N in the time period from 1964 to 2012. In this time period 16,137 shallow and of intermediate depth earthquakes with M_L up to 6.0 and 1,482 deep earthquakes with M_L up to 6.2 occurred. The result of the this analysis indicate that the monthly variation of the frequencies of earthquake occurrence is in accordance with the period of the tidal lunar monthly variations, and the same happens with the corresponding daily variations of the frequencies of earthquake occurrence with the diurnal luni-solar (K1) and semidiurnal solar (S2) tidal variations. These results are in favor of a tidal triggering process on earthquakes when the stress in the focal area is near the critical level.     

月球起源研究进展

月球是地球唯一的天然卫星,早期学者认为地月系统是普遍存在的行星一卫星系统的一员,但是月球又有许多特征,如质量异常大,挥发分和Fe元素亏损等,传统理论难以解释这些特征.因此,针对月球的起源提出了四种学说:捕获理论,共增生理论,分裂理论和大碰撞假说.目前对大碰撞假说研究较多,但研究者们始终无法较好解释地月系统氧同位素的高度一致等特征.本文试探性提出新的月球起源分裂模型,能较好的解释某些月球特征,引起研究者们对月球起源新的思考.     

引领世纪的地球系统科学研究现状

随着人类社会谋求可持续发展意愿的加强,突出系统科学的服务和规范已成为我国公益性地质工作的战略要求,并且成为引领新世纪地球科学的发展方向。建立在地球探针等技术基础之上的系统科学,必将促进多学科交叉融合,从地球系统整体行为研究寻求解决办法。由此提出了地球系统和地球系统科学的概念。通过自由性、统计性、组合性的研究,研究自然界中的秩序与和谐,通过体系的完全性、参数性、层次性的研究,揭示不同空间的物质组成,解释不同结构的物性参数,通过地质学、地球物理、地球化学信息的研究,探索开发矿物原料、资源估算、水文生态、污染治理、矿山监测。     

Río Tinto sedimentary mineral assemblages: A terrestrial perspective that suggests some formation pathways of phyllosilicates on Mars

The presence of extensive phyllosilicate deposits from the early Noachian of Mars are often interpreted as having formed from neutral to subalkaline solutions. In this paper we examine the Río Tinto fluvial basin, an early Mars analog, that hosts clay production and sedimentation along the entire course of the river. At Río Tinto, phyllosilicate minerals including clays and micas are sourced by volcanosedimentary bedrock of rhyolitic and andesitic composition affected by Carboniferous hydrothermal alteration. Pleistocene to modern acidic weathering of those materials chemically altered the volcanic and sedimentary materials to K/Na-clay-(montmorillonite/smectites)-kaolinite assemblages in paleosoils and fractures while physical weathering degrades phyllosilicates more resistant to acidic attack. During the wet season, phyllosilicates are eroded, transported and deposited from both acidic headwaters and neutral tributaries. During the dry season, sulfates and nanophase oxyhydroxides co-precipitate. Late summer storms that cause fast flooding events mix illite, quartz, feldspars, iron oxides and other minerals in fluvial deposits where these minerals are stabilized and aggrade until the following wet season. As a result, chemical precipitates, primary phyllosilicates and secondary clays form mineral admixtures that explain the compositional diversity of the fluvial deposits. These deposits reveal the persistence of smectites, whose occurrence is explained given that the reaction kinetics under acidic conditions of degradation is lowered by seasonal discharges of the river. The longevity of phyllosilicate minerals within fluvial deposits depends on climatic and geochemical conditions and processes which are in turn are correlated to temperature, persistence of water, hydrological cycling, hydrogeochemistry and composition of the source materials in the basement. These parameters are universal and have to be characterized in order to understand the distribution of mineral composition on any planetary surface, including Mars.     

In situ measurements of particle load and transport in dust devils

In situ (mobile) sampling of 33 natural dust devil vortices reveals very high total suspended particle (TSP) mean values of 296 mg m⁻³ and fine dust loadings (PM10) mean values ranging from 15.1 to 43.8 mg m⁻³ (milligrams per cubic meter). Concurrent three-dimensional wind profiles show mean tangential rotation of 12.3 m s⁻¹ and vertical uplift of 2.7 m s⁻¹ driving mean vertical TSP flux of 1689 mg m⁻³ s⁻¹ and fine particle flux of ∼1.0 to ∼50 mg m⁻³ s⁻¹. Peak PM10 dust loading and flux within the dust column are three times greater than mean values, suggesting previous estimates of dust devil flux might be too high. We find that deflation rates caused by dust devil erosion are ∼2.5-50 μm per year in dust devil active zones on Earth. Similar values are expected for Mars, and may be more significant there where competing erosional mechanisms are less likely.     

Bolla Bollana boulder beds: A Neoproterozoic trough mouth fan in South Australia?

The Bolla Bollana Formation is an exceptionally thick (ca 1500 m), rift‐related sedimentary succession cropping out in the northern Flinders Ranges, South Australia, which was deposited during the Sturtian (mid Cryogenian) glaciation. Lithofacies analysis reveals three distinct facies associations which chart changing depositional styles on an ice‐sourced subaqueous fan system. The diamictite facies association is dominant, and comprises both massive and stratified varieties with a range of clast compositions and textures, arranged into thick beds (1 to 20 m), representing stacked, ice‐proximal glaciogenic debris‐flow deposits. A channel belt facies association, most commonly consisting of normally graded conglomerates and sandstones, displays scour and fill structure of ca 10 m width and 1 to 3 m depth: these strata are interpreted as channelized turbidites. Rare mud‐filled channels in this facies association bear glacially striated lonestones. Finally, a sheet heterolithics facies association contains a range of conglomerates through sandstones to silty shales arranged into clear, normally graded cycles from the lamina to bed scale. These record a variety of non‐channelized turbidites, probably occupying distal and/or inter‐channel locations on the subaqueous fan. Coarsening and thickening‐up cycles, capped by dolomicrites or mudstones, are indicative of lobe build out and abandonment, potentially as a result of ice lobe advance and stagnation. Dropstones, recognized by downwarped and punctured laminae beneath pebbles to boulders in shale, or in delicate climbing ripple cross‐laminated siltstones, are clearly indicative of ice rafting. The co‐occurrence of ice‐rafted debris and striated lonestones strongly supports a glaciogenic sediment source for the diamictites. Comparison to Pleistocene analogues enables an interpretation as a trough mouth fan, most probably deposited leeward of a palaeo‐ice stream. Beyond emphasizing the highly dynamic nature of Sturtian ice sheets, these interpretations testify to the oldest trough mouth fan recorded to date.     

中国红树林制图的遥感时空概率阈值方法

红树林作为热带和亚热带海岸带上特有的森林群落,具有独特的生态功能以及重大的社会、经济价值。中国红树林经历了反复的破坏与保护,遥感监测手段可以为实施大规模的红树林生态系统保护和恢复行动提供科学技术支撑。本研究依托Google Earth Engine平台提出一种时空概率阈值法对中国红树林范围进行提取。研究选取2015年516景Landsat 8数据,首先使用非监督分类法进行水陆分离,其次通过生成缓冲区确定红树林潜在生长区,然后协同多种指数与光谱信息构建多特征决策树提取红树林粗略的生长范围,最后基于长时序的红树林粗略范围数据计算红树林生长概率,并通过实验确定概率阈值对红树林进行精细提取。通过实验对比发现时空概率阈值法的红树林生产者精度达90.36%,且能较好地提取幼小、分散的红树林。研究得到了2015年中国红树林分布结果,全国红树林面积为21932 ha,广西和广东两省红树林面积占中国红树林总面积的73.22%,为中国红树林主要分布区域。