泥页岩的X射线衍射定向指数与理化性能及井壁稳定的关系

首次提出了泥页岩Ｘ射线衍射定向指数的测定方法,探讨了定向指数与矿物成分,定向指数与泥页岩理化性能（密度、回收率、膨胀率、阳离子交换容量等）的关系。并在定向指数的基础上,提出了综合指数的概念,然后以定向指数和综合指数为主要依据,对坍塌地层泥页岩进行了分类。这对于钻井工程上研究井壁稳定的机理,预防井壁失稳,具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。     

一维地球动力系统温度模拟

概述了模拟地球内部温度结构对研究地球动力系统的重要意义,提出一个切实可行的一维热演化模型。根据该模型计算出地表幕式能量释放及其随时间的演化和地球内部温度梯度随时间的变化规律,据此探讨了地球内部能量传输机理与地质演化节律的关系,地球内部温度梯度变化和圈层分异的情况。     

从同位素到板块构造:化学地球动力学

化学地球动力学是地球化学的分支学科,它在研究地球内部化学组成和演化时,把地球视为一个完整的动力学系统而不是彼此孤立的地质集合体。通过研究地球各层圈内部的化学结构和过程以及不同层圈之间的化学相互作用,从本质上研究和认识发生在地球内部的各种地质作用。文中概括了化学地球动力学的特点和突出成果,分析了化学地球动力学研究的科学意义,并对在中国开展壳幔相互作用的化学地球动力学研究提出了建议。     

膨胀地球基本参数的初值及其平均变化率

本文讨论了地球膨胀过程的初始半径R₀、膨胀起始时间t₀以及半径R、转动惯量I、地表重力加速度g和反映地球内部物质分布状态参数y等膨胀基本参数的平均变化率。研究结果表明,在地球的地质年龄之内,地球膨胀的初始半径R₀>4619km,膨胀的起始时间t₀>43.8×10²Ma,膨胀过程中的地球半径R、物质分布状态参数y、转动惯量I、地表重力加速度g和表面积S随时间的平均变化率分别为:dR/dt=4×10^-4m/a,dy/dt=-6.7×10¹²/a,dI/dt=8.49×10²⁷kg·m~2/a,dg/dt=-1.23×10^-10kg·s^-2/a和ds/dt=6.41×10⁴m²/a。地球膨胀过程中的半径平均增长率,是首次用天文学方法研究得出,且该值介于其他作者用古地磁、古地理等方法所求得的地球半径增长率若干数值之间。     

Adaptability of the ocean and earth tidal models based on global observations of the superconducting gravimeters

As the gravity field is the most primary and direct physical quantity reflecting the density variation of the Earth’s interior and its geodynamic properties under various environmental changes and as the knowledge of the fine structure of the Earth’s interior and its geo-dynamics has a strong impact on space research, grav-ity observations become more and more important in Earth sciences. Therefore based on a global network of superconducting gravimeters (SGs), the Global Geo-dynamic Proje…     

Random walk of the Earth's pole related to the Chandler wobble excitation

Summary. The equation governing the polar motion shows that the polar secular drift and the Chandler wobble amplitude are related to each other. In particular, a drift of the mean pole position comes out as a consequence of the maintenance of the Chandler wobble by possible step perturbations of the Earth's inertia tensor.
The minimum excitation functions necessary to explain the Chandler wobble amplitude variations for the period 1901–84 are derived from the Chandler term, with the hypothesis that the excitations follow a uniform random distribution in time. It is shown that they have the statistical properties of the steps of a two-dimensional random walk. These functions are then used to derive, from a statistical simulation, a lower limit of the secular drift which may result from the excitation of the Chandler wobble.
The drift generated by the random walk is of the same order of magnitude as the observed secular drift for the period 1901–84, but their time dependence is different. This indicates that the observed secular drift cannot be explained as the consequence of an excitation of the Chandler wobble by random steps of the Earth's inertia tensor. However, the possible contribution of the Chandler wobble excitation to the polar drift has to be taken into account when other mechanisms, such as lithospheric rebound related to deglaciation, are proposed.     

"地球流体力学"电子教案设计的特点及其实现

根据21世纪高等学校教学改革的要求,结合"地球流体力学"课程教学的特点,以Microsoft Office办公软件为开发平台,SmartDraw、Mathtype、Photoshop、Graphmatica等应用软件为多媒体辅助开发工具,在国内率先设计、制作了"地球流体力学"多媒体电子教案.该电子教案内容丰富,表现形式多样,功能强大,使用容易,修改、扩展方便.可利用多媒体技术中的视觉及听觉表现力来调动学生的学习积极性,有效改善理论性较强的专业课的课堂教学氛围,提高教学效率及学习效果.     

Deflection of near-Earth asteroids by kinetic energy impacts from retrograde orbits

Previous studies of non-nuclear diversion of near Earth asteroids have largely ignored the use of pure kinetic energy impacts, partly due to apparent limits on impact speeds of 10-. Here, I will consider the use of a near-term solar sail to deliver an inert projectile onto a retrograde solar orbit, thus raising impact speeds to at least . Such high-energy orbits increase the energy liberated during impact by a factor of 40 or more, while reducing the required projectile mass by at least 95%. This considerable reduction in projectile mass allows kilometre-sized asteroids to be diverted with current launch vehicles, near-term technologies and at a cost comparable to a modest deep space mission.     

在统一的总体框架下建设“数字中国”

当前在我国正在兴起“数字省市”、“数字行业”、“数字工程”等建设工作,这些都是“数字中国”的组成部分。为了建设“数字中国”,这些数字化领域的建设必须在国家统一的地理空间基础框架下进行。从“数字地球”和“数字中国”的基本概念入手,叙述了地理空间基础框架中的地理空间基准和地理基础框架数据的内涵及其在建设“数字中国”中的作用,最后阐述了必须在统一的总体框架下建设“数字中国”的理由。     

利用局部高空间分辨率大气数据计算GRACE大气去混频模型

在计算GRACE重力场反演中的大气去混频模型时,针对ECMWFop或ERA-Interim大气数据空间水平分辨率不足的问题,提出了一种局部区域高空间水平分辨率大气数据与全球大气数据合理拼接融合的方法。利用欧洲局部区域的大气数据与ERA-Interim大气数据融合计算了一组改进的大气去混频模型,从谱域、空域及星间距离变率残差角度分析了改进大气去混频模型的质量。结果表明改进大气去混频模型相对于常规大气去混频模型的质量提高最大比例为1.87%,与AOD1BRL05相对于RL04的提高比例2.27%相当,验证了高空间水平分辨率大气数据确实有助于提高大气去混频模型质量的结论,为改进GRACE提取局部区域特定质量变化信号提供了一种方法。