Soil organic carbon and nitrogen content of density fractions and effect of meadow degradation to soil carbon and nitrogen of fractions in alpine Kobresia meadow

This research was conducted on the non-disturbed native alpine Kobresia meadow(YF) and the severely degraded meadow(SDL) of Dari County of Qinghai Province.By a density fractionation approach,each soil sample was divided into two fractions:light fraction(LF) and heavy fraction(HF).The obtained fractions were analyzed for organic carbon(OC) and nitrogen(N) concentrations.The results showed:(1) the OC concentration in HF and LF was 3.84% and 28.63% respectively while the nitrogen concentration in HF and LF wa...     

深井地球物理观测的最新进展与中国大陆科学钻探长期观测

深井地震与地球物理观测(Borehole Seismology)是21世纪的一项崭新的高科技项目. 其目的是为了解决地球的表面效应和人类社会高度发展的城市化、工业化、现代化带来的噪音干扰,提高信噪比,推进现代地球物理观测与研究.随着地球系统科学的深入以及解决环境、资源、地震灾害预报等问题的需求, 近年来世界大陆科学钻探以及在钻孔深井内进行的地球物理长期观测得到了飞速发展,取得了高精度的观测研究成果. 中国大陆科学钻探长期观测在前期工作基础上,已经启动并正在构建我国第一个无地面干扰的深井地震、地球物理长期观测站,为实现我国的“入地”科学计划,开创我国21世纪地球科学观测研究的新局面作出贡献.     

Petrogenesis and tectonic setting of bimodal volcanism in the Sakoli Mobile Belt, Central Indian shield

The Sakoli Mobile Belt comprises bimodal volcanic rocks that include metabasalt, rhyolite, tuffs, and epiclastic rocks with metapelites, quartzite, arkose, conglomerate, and banded iron formation (BIF). Mafic volcanic rocks are tholeiitic to quartz‐tholeiitic with normative quartz and hypersthene. SiO₂ shows a large compositional gap between the basic and acidic volcanics, depicting their bimodal nature. Both the volcanics have distinct geochemical trends but display some similarity in terms of enriched light rare earth element–large ion lithophile element characteristics with positive anomalies for U, Pb, and Th and distinct negative anomalies for Nb, P, and Ti. These characteristics are typical of continental rift volcanism. Both the volcanic rocks show strong negative Sr and Eu anomalies indicating fractionation of plagioclases and K‐feldspars, respectively. The high Fe/Mg ratios for the basic rocks indicate their evolved nature. Whole rock Sm–Nd isochrons for the acidic volcanic rocks indicate an age of crystallization for these volcanic rocks at about 1675 ± 180 Ma (initial ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd = 0.51017 ± 0.00017, mean square weighted deviate [MSWD] = 1.6). The εNd_t (t = 2000 Ma) varies between ?0.19 and +2.22 for the basic volcanic rock and between ?2.85 and ?4.29 for the acidic volcanic rocks. Depleted mantle model ages vary from 2000 to 2275 Ma for the basic and from 2426 to 2777 Ma for the acidic volcanic rocks, respectively. These model ages indicate that protoliths for the acidic volcanic rocks probably had a much longer crustal residence time. Predominantly basaltic magma erupted during the deposition of the Dhabetekri Formation and part of it pooled at crustal or shallower subcrustal levels that probably triggered partial melting to generate the acidic magma. The influence of basic magma on the genesis of acidic magma is indicated by the higher Ni and Cr abundance at the observed silica levels of the acidic magma. A subsequent pulse of basic magma, which became crustally contaminated, erupted as minor component along with the dominantly acidic volcanics during the deposition of the Bhiwapur Formation.     

Optimization of a Photo‐assisted Fenton Oxidation Process: A Statistical Model for MDF Effluent Treatment

In the present study, the effects of initial COD (chemical oxygen demand), initial pH, Fe²⁺/H₂O₂ molar ratio and UV contact time on COD removal from medium density fiberboard (MDF) wastewater using photo‐assisted Fenton oxidation treatment were investigated. In order to optimize the removal efficiency, batch operations were carried out. The influence of the aforementioned parameters on COD removal efficiency was studied using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal conditions for maximum COD removal efficiency from MDF wastewater under experimental conditions were obtained at initial COD of 4000 mg/L, Fe²⁺/H₂O₂ molar ratio of 0.11, initial solution pH of 6.5 and UV contact time of 70 min. The obtained results for maximum COD removal efficiency of 96% revealed that photo‐assisted Fenton oxidation is very effective for treating MDF wastewater.     

深井蠕变地层钻井液密度优化技术

深部地层盐岩钻井是钻井工程中的重大技术难题之一。由于盐岩性能的特殊性,当钻开井眼后盐岩蠕变,常造成井眼失稳、卡钻、固井后挤毁套管等事故,给钻井带来重大经济损失。结合山东胜科1井钻井工程,对深部地层盐岩及软泥岩等岩层的蠕变速率进行测试,采用三维数值模拟方法获得了盐岩及软泥岩的蠕变参数。并通过所获得的蠕变参数,对胜利油田东营区块盐岩及软泥岩井眼不同深度、不同钻井液密度下地层的蠕变速率进行了分析,获得了盐岩及软泥岩井眼许可钻井液密度。研究成果可以为钻井工程钻井液密度选用提供指导意义。     

用陆块旋转解释藏东南渐新世-中新世伸展作用——来自点苍山及邻区变质核杂岩的证据

沿红河断裂带(RRFZ)分布的点苍山变质核杂岩是一个不完整的变质核杂岩,它由两个特征迥异的单元组成,包括被同构造二长花岗岩侵入角闪岩相构造岩组成的下盘和绿片岩相的拆离断层带。下盘岩石包括具有高温构造组合,具有指示左行走滑剪切运动方向的L型糜棱岩或LS型糜棱岩。拆离断层带是一个上盘向E到SE伸展剪切的低温剪切带,由具有剪应变和压应变的典型S-L糜棱岩构成。低温构造岩也包括发育于下盘的几个糜棱岩化似斑状二长花岗岩侵入体。变质核杂岩与西侧覆盖未变质的中生代沉积岩并置,东部受第四纪断层作用影响为沿洱海分布的更新世-全新世沉积盆地。通过对点苍山变质核杂岩的构造研究,结合邻区变质核杂岩的地质年代学及古地磁学分析,我们认为:位于东南亚红河断裂和实皆断裂带之间的扇形区域内出现的变质核杂岩与渐新世-中新世时期区域性伸展作用有关,而伸展作用是由印支地块的差异性旋转产生的,其原因是由于约33Ma开始斜向俯冲的印度板块的顺时针旋转和回退所致。     

岩石声发射Kaiser效应应用于地应力测试的研究

介绍了声发射Kaiser效应测定岩体地应力的原理、方法和测试技术,应用弹性力学理论推导出地下岩体测点处的地应力表示和地应力椭球基本方程。通过在定向岩芯9个特殊方向取样,进行声发射试验得到了各方向的单向正应力值,将其值代入地应力计算公式中得到了3个主应力的大小、方向。其实验研究结果可为工程提供借鉴和参考。     

聚苯乙烯轻质混合土物理力学特性的影响因素

通过对聚苯乙烯轻质混合土物理、力学特性的试验,分析了聚苯乙烯轻质混合土中各组成材料及其他因素对其密度和抗压强度的影响。在此基础上,得出影响密度和抗压强度的主要因素,为配置轻质、高强的聚苯乙烯轻质混合土提供科学依据。     

不同干密度非饱和膨胀土的三轴试验研究

重塑非饱和膨胀土的结构特征是影响其强度和变形等性质的重要因素。在不同初始干密度下击实的试样具有不同的初始结构。吸力和净围压的作用使得试样结构产生变化,从而呈现出不同的剪切特征。进行了一系列的控制吸力的三轴试验,试验结果表明,吸力和净围压的增加使得试样的抗剪强度提高,剪胀性减小;初始干密度大的试样也有更高的强度,且呈现出明显的剪胀现象。     

拉萨地区晚第四纪地壳的抬升与拉萨河的向南迁移

根据数字高程模型、遥感资料分析及实地调查, 拉萨地区在近南北向挤压的作用下, 与NWW向的主构造格架断裂走向相一致, 近东西向的分水岭和沟谷沿南北方向相间分布。自分水岭附近的山顶剥蚀面至盆地, 坡度由平缓、较陡、平缓逐渐过渡, 反映了山顶剥蚀区、强剥蚀区、堆积区的依次变化, 表现了一个完整的构造、气候控制的地貌剥蚀、堆积过程。在同样的气候条件下, 拉萨地区晚第四纪以来的新构造运动整体表现为自北向南的掀斜, 造成北侧剥蚀较强, 下游河流得以携带更多的泥沙物质, 北侧冲、洪积扇汇入拉萨河的物质较南侧多, 加之地壳自北向南的掀斜, 使得拉萨河拉萨段向南迁移, 堆龙曲河口冲积扇也向南迁移。