Free and open source software for geospatial applications (FOSS4G) to support Future Earth

ABSTRACT

The development, integration, and distribution of the information and spatial data infrastructure (i.e. Digital Earth; DE) necessary to support the vision and goals of Future Earth (FE) will occur in a distributed fashion, in very diverse technological, institutional, socio-cultural, and economic contexts around the world. This complex context and ambitious goals require bringing to bear not only the best minds, but also the best science and technologies available. Free and Open Source Software for Geospatial Applications (FOSS4G) offers mature, capable and reliable software to contribute to the creation of this infrastructure. In this paper we point to a selected set of some of the most mature and reliable FOSS4G solutions that can be used to develop the functionality required as part of DE and FE. We provide examples of large-scale, sophisticated, mission-critical applications of each software to illustrate their power and capabilities in systems where they perform roles or functionality similar to the ones they could perform as part of DE and FE. We provide information and resources to assist the readers in carrying out their own assessments to select the best FOSS4G solutions for their particular contexts and system development needs.     

Stress Analysis and Optimum Design of PDC Die for Offshore Drilling Engineering

The maximum internal tangential stress is a critical parameter for the design of the PDC （polycrystalline diamond compact） die that has been widely applied to offshore oil drilling. A new simple equation for the calculation of the stress is developed, and verified by the test data from Kingdream Corp. of China, the largest bit Company in China. An opti- mum method for the design of the PDC die is presented and demonstrated in detail, and software for the design and FEM analysis of the die is developed on the basis of the method. This software has been used in oil industry in recent years.     

DSM-1数字旋转磁力仪技术改进的一种方法

本文介绍的DSM-1数字旋转磁力仪技术改进的方法,是经不断试验、反复修改而成的。实际应用表明:技术改进后的DSM-1数字旋转磁力仪控制系统,其性能及使用功能比原系统有较大的提高,开发的软、硬件适用于所有兼容微机。对进口的DSM系列数字旋转磁力仪控制系统进行技术改进,均可参照此方法进行。     

航道测量内业制图系统的开发

介绍了上海航道处引进开发的海图、水运工程图和地形图自动制作软件，包括软件的主要功能、图的管理功能、制图的特点及全要素图的绘制等。     

Determination of synthetic wind functions for estimating open water evaporation with Computational Fluid Dynamics

A computational fluid dynamics (CFD)‐based methodology is proposed to derive convective mass‐transfer coefficients (wind functions) that are required for estimating evaporation of water bodies with the mass‐transfer method. Three‐dimensional CFD was applied to model heat transfer in two water bodies: a Class‐A tank evaporimeter and an on‐farm artificial pond. The standard k–? model assuming isotropic turbulence was adopted to describe turbulent heat transport, whereas the heat and mass transfer analogy was assumed to derive the wind functions. The CFD‐derived wind functions were very similar to those empirically derived from the experimental water bodies. The evaporation rates calculated with the synthetic wind functions were in good agreement with hourly and daily evaporation measurements for the tank and pond, respectively. The proposed CFD‐approach is generalisable and cost effective, because it has low input data requirements. Besides, it provides additional capability of modelling the spatial distribution of the evaporation rate over the water surface. Although the application of CFD to water bodies evaporation modelling is still in development, it looks very promising. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

云南普朗铜矿三维地质建模与深部找矿预测

云南普朗铜矿位于滇西北迪庆藏族自治州东部,已查明矿床铜金属量达大型规模,并具有超大型的远景。通过对普朗铜矿成矿地质背景的分析及基础地质资料的搜集,利用三维可视化建模技术构建普朗铜矿的三维地质模型,确定有利控矿要素并构建找矿预测模型。将证据权法与信息量法相结合进行综合成矿预测,最终圈定找矿靶区2处,为普朗铜矿的下一步找矿勘查工作提供参考。     

基于Python的全息测量数据校准软件

微波全息测量是检测抛物面面形分布的重要手段之一,数据校准软件是全息处理软件中关键的一部分。以新疆天文台南山25 m天线改造计划为背景,在分析全息测量中引起误差的几个因素的基础上,开发了全息测量数据校准软件。该软件以Linux为开发平台,使用Python语言进行编程,其优点是:具有误差评估功能,方便用户筛选由于误差过大造成的数据不合理;标准化接口更易嵌入天线控制软件中;可视化界面既能方便用户操作,又可以直观显示运行结果。软件调试结果显示该软件运行时间在2 min以内,效果良好,具有一定的实用价值,不仅对于25 m的改造至关重要,也为未来110 m射电望远镜的技术预研创造了条件。     

在空间数据库课程中采用开源软件实验的教学实践

对比分析了国内外空间数据库课程现状。针对开源地理空间信息软件体系在空间数据库实验课程中的教学特点,探讨了开源软件应用于空间数据库课程实验的教学实践,提出了分阶段实验教学方法,在实际教学中取得了好的效果。