一国两制下的深港跨境生活空间形成——以中英街地区为例

以深港边境中英街地区为例,运用实地调查和访谈方法,探讨一国两制下的深港边境生活空间形成、居民自下而上的再边界化、以及居民通过日常生活实践对边界的再定义过程。研究指出,中英街地区的生活空间形成是在边界效应下,边境居民对边境两侧管理差异的不断适应、调试、乃至主动运用的空间构建过程。边境管理者、居民、游客和水客等多方力量在此过程中互动角力,而中英街地区发展的不同阶段正是这一互动过程的结果;在此过程中,边境居民从被动的边界适应到主动的边界效应利用,体现了一国两制下居民的生活空间战略和自下而上的社会力量对边界及边境地区生活空间形成的作用。本研究有助于深化对于亚洲的边界和边境地区空间形成的理解,也对当下的边境治理具有积极的政策意义。     

都江堰虹口乡地质灾害风险评价

针对都江堰虹口乡地质灾害高易发的现状,利用GIS技术与信息量模型相结合的方法,结合专家打分法,开展虹口乡地质灾害风险评价,将其划分为高度、中度、低度和极低度4级风险区地质灾害高低反映了该区域的地质灾害现状,具有较高的准确性,从而说明本文评价方法的有效性,为有效防治地质灾害及后期的灾害监测提供了科学依据。     

Metamorphic history of eclogites and country rock gneisses in the Aktyuz area,Northern Tien‐Shan,Kyrgyzstan: a record from initiation of subduction through to oceanic closure by continent–continent collision

Eclogites and related high‐P metamorphic rocks occur in the Zaili Range of the Northern Kyrgyz Tien‐Shan (Tianshan) Mountains, which are located in the south‐western segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Eclogites are preserved in the cores of garnet amphibolites and amphibolites that occur in the Aktyuz area as boudins and layers (up to 2000 m in length) within country rock gneisses. The textures and mineral chemistry of the Aktyuz eclogites, garnet amphibolites and country rock gneisses record three distinct metamorphic events (M1–M3). In the eclogites, the first MP–HT metamorphic event (M1) of amphibolite/epidote‐amphibolite facies conditions (560–650 °C, 4–10 kbar) is established from relict mineral assemblages of polyphase inclusions in the cores and mantles of garnet, i.e. Mg‐taramite + Fe‐staurolite + paragonite ± oligoclase (An_<16) ± hematite. The eclogites also record the second HP‐LT metamorphism (M2) with a prograde stage passing through epidote‐blueschist facies conditions (330–570 °C, 8–16 kbar) to peak metamorphism in the eclogite facies (550–660 °C, 21–23 kbar) and subsequent retrograde metamorphism to epidote‐amphibolite facies conditions (545–565 °C and 10–11 kbar) that defines a clockwise P–T path. thermocalc (average P–T mode) calculations and other geothermobarometers have been applied for the estimation of P–T conditions. M3 is inferred from the garnet amphibolites and country rock gneisses. Garnet amphibolites that underwent this pervasive HP–HT metamorphism after the eclogite facies equilibrium have a peak metamorphic assemblage of garnet and pargasite. The prograde and peak metamorphic conditions of the garnet amphibolites are estimated to be 600–640 °C; 11–12 kbar and 675–735 °C and 14–15 kbar, respectively. Inclusion phases in porphyroblastic plagioclase in the country rock gneisses suggest a prograde stage of the epidote‐amphibolite facies (477 °C and 10 kbar). The peak mineral assemblage of the country rock gneisses of garnet, plagioclase (An_11–16), phengite, biotite, quartz and rutile indicate 635–745 °C and 13–15 kbar. The P–T conditions estimated for the prograde, peak and retrograde stages in garnet amphibolite and country rock are similar, implying that the third metamorphic event in the garnet amphibolites was correlated with the metamorphism in the country rock gneisses. The eclogites also show evidence of the third metamorphic event with development of the prograde mineral assemblage pargasite, oligoclase and biotite after the retrograde epidote‐amphibolite facies metamorphism. The three metamorphic events occurred in distinct tectonic settings: (i) metamorphism along the hot hangingwall at the inception of subduction, (ii) subsequent subduction zone metamorphism of the oceanic plate and exhumation, and (iii) continent–continent collision and exhumation of the entire metamorphic sequences. These tectonic processes document the initial stage of closure of a palaeo‐ocean subduction to its completion by continent–continent collision.     

泥石流防治工程可靠性的超越概率

根据降雨频率重现期统计结果,汶川地震灾区近年来毁坏或失效的泥石流防治工程大多与设计标准降雨频率关系不明显,但与大暴雨和特大暴雨雨强关系密切。所以,在泥石流防治工程可靠性评价方法中,可以引入超越概率的概念,亦即发生超出设计标准降雨频率的工程毁坏或失效概率。本文采用数理统计方法,以震区都江堰泥石流工程为例,讨论了泥石流防治工程的超越概率问题。建立了以雨强为标准的超越概率统计模型。     

都江堰市景区重要建（构）筑物变形破坏调查及恢复重建措施建议

四川省都江堰市二王庙景区是国家级重点文物保护区及国家级风景区,受5．12汶川大地震影响,主要建（构）物遭到严重变形破坏。经对建（构）筑物的基础、主体的变形破坏程度进行了分析论证,并提出了恢复建设方案、恢复措施与建议。     

The emperor's new clothes: redressing the Kyoto Protocol

Abstract

US President Bush repudiated the Kyoto Protocol because, in his view, it is ‘fatally flawed in fundamental ways’. This paper evaluates seven proposals to redress the protocol according to their potential to deal with three key issues that have reinforced US intransigence: hot air, cost uncertainty and developing country participation. It argues that negotiations on intensity targets hold the most promise. Because intensity targets limit hot air, but do not limit economic growth, and a high variance of carbon intensity exists among countries with similar GDP per capita, intensity targets based on best practice levels might be agreeable to developing countries and the US. If a protocol specifying such targets were implemented, less warming would be associated with larger world GDP than would otherwise be the case, and countries' carbon intensity and emissions per capita would tend to converge to best practice levels at every stage of development.     

都江堰市汶川地震死亡人数的时空分布研究

通过对汶川地震灾区都江堰市死亡人数的统计分析,归纳出都江堰市地震死亡人数的时空分布规律,发现死亡人数随时间、地震烈度、年龄不同的分布规律,为政府决策和震后救援方案的制订提供理论依据和参考。     

国际山地研究计划的启示

国际山地研究不断取得重要进展的一个很重要原因,就是连续推出一系列山地研究计划,包括山地灾害研究计划,其研究的视野和关注的重要问题都显现出非常明确的科学前瞻性,并与山区发展紧密关联,积极促进自然科学和人文科学的交叉与综合.同时,高度重视全球变化对山地的影响,以及山地植被生态适应性和格局变化,也特别关注变化环境下的生物多样性保护,包括对山地旅游休闲景观资源等的管理.在这些国际长期研究计划中,以阿尔卑斯山研究计划最具代表性,是最早开展山地研究、成果影响力最显著的,是山地研究的典范.面对我国是一个多山的国家,透视国际山地研究计划,从中得到许多启示,其中以中长期的山地研究计划不断推动山地研究基础理论的发展和应用价值的提高是非常值得借鉴的.     

都江堰-汶川公路汶川地震次生地质灾害主要特征和形成机理

汶川特大地震发生后, 都江堰至汶川公路两旁次生地质灾害尤为严重, 先后多次完全中断震中交通生命线, 严重地影响了公路的安全运行和灾后重建。通过对汶川地震前后都江堰-汶川公路边坡现场调查资料对比分析, 研究了该地段边坡的主要次生地质灾害类型及其破坏模式、形成机制和时空分布特点。破坏类型主要为碎屑流式、碎裂滑移式崩塌和碎裂-俯冲式、振荡-高速滑移式泥石流等, 造成沿线边坡发生大面积浅表生改造破坏。此类灾害具有丛集性、相关性、分段性的明显特点。成因复杂的高陡岩土体是次生地质灾害的主要物质基础;强烈的场地地震效应和内外动力耦合作用是该地区地质灾害成生的主要因素。      

泡沫吸附等离子体光谱法测定常量金探讨

利用泡沫塑料对地质样品中微量金进行富集,已经是非常成熟的富集方法。常量金经过泡沫塑料吸附后,用硫脲脱附原子吸收测定也是近几年许多实验室常用的方法。而用等离子体光谱仪测定常量金鲜有报道,该方法简单、快捷,通过对国家一级标样的分析试验,对于金含量为0.05~50.00g/t的样品能够满足要求。