泰安市农村人畜饮水水质分析及保护对策

本文根据248个监测站点，36项水质指标的监测数据，依据国家生活饮用水卫生标准，对泰安市农村人畜饮水水质进行了评价。摸清了泰安市农村人畜饮水水质构成、超标参数、分布规律和污染原因，分析出泰安市农村地下水化学异常区、高氟区，并提出了相应的保护措施。     

泡沫吸附-等离子体光谱法测定常量金探讨

利用泡沫塑料对地质样品中微量金进行富集,已经是非常成熟的富集方法。常量金经过泡沫塑料吸附后,用硫脲脱附原子吸收测定也是近几年许多实验室常用的方法。而用等离子体光谱仪测定常量金鲜有报道,该方法简单、快捷,通过对国家一级标样的分析试验,对于金含量为0．05-50．00g／t的样品能够满足要求。     

我国陆相渐新世哺乳动物群的划分及排序

亚洲渐新世不是原认为的三分，而是仅包括两个期：早渐新世三达河期和晚渐新世塔奔布鲁克期。我国渐新世的地方动物群排序为：早渐新世包括（从早到晚）克克阿木、乌兰布拉格早期和乌兰布拉格晚期３个动物群；晚渐新世包括（从早到晚）４个动物群：沙嘎特动物群、塔奔布鲁克动物群、伊克布拉格动物群和索索泉动物群。“始新世末事件”在亚洲也很明显，主要表现为较原始的古老的哺乳动物在渐新世初就大量迅速绝灭。在渐新世期间，哺乳动物的变化主要表现为进化程度上的演变和替代。上述演变主要与当时全球的气候变冷、变干燥和亚洲地形的变化有关。     

发展中国家生态旅游的机遇问题和对策

本文从可持续发展理论出发,分析了发展中国家开展生态旅游的优势和问题,并提出了相应的对策和建议,以促进生态旅游的持续发展。     

Floods in Bangladesh: A question of disciplining the rivers

Bangladesh has been experiencing floods more frequently than ever before. Since 1947, she has been hit by extremely devastating floods in 1954, 1955, 1956, 1962, 1963, 1966, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1974, 1976, 1984, 1987, and 1988. Each year's highest flood record and damage costs have been broken by that of the subsequent year. All means of communication become paralysed. People lose food grains, domestic animals, homesteads, and lives. They remain marooned without food and drinking water until relief arrives. Despite huge spending on flood control, the intensity of the floods has been increasing. Therefore, speculation is naturally rife about the causes.The aim of this paper is to identify the factors which contribute to these devastating floods, and then to recommend an appropriate strategy for effective flood control. The geography, geology, and hydrology of Bangladesh are briefly discussed. The whole of the country is a huge river basin criss-crossed by as many as seven hundred rivers, tributaries, and distributaries, having a total length of 22 155 km.The river-beds are rendered shallow by heavy deposits of alluvial earth each year and tend easily to cause inundations. The quantum of silt carried by the river systems into Bangladesh is estimated to be 2.4 × 10⁹ tonnes/yr.Disciplining the rivers means keeping the rivers navigable all year round, removing excessive deposits of silt where they threaten to block a channel, preventing widening by erosion, contracting the width where the river is excessively wide, and last but not least, preventing construction whose eventual impact might prove harmful.Natural disasters do not respect political frontiers, nothing can stop them, but their adverse impact could be minimised. The author emphasises the need for employing the abundant cheap manpower, local materials, and indigenous technology for flood control projects.     

Tectonic and Topographic Framework of Political Division

Boundaries between the various topographic, geologic, and socio-political entities that span the Earths continental surfaces are determined by a myriad of complexly interrelated natural and/or cultural factors. Areas of large river basins, of lithologic units on geologic maps, and of nations exhibit size frequency distributions that are closely approximated by density functions in which diameters of individual areas are distributed exponentially. As such, size distributions of each type of surface unit are closely modeled as randomly delimited areas. In other words, if one were to walk in a straight line across any particular continent, each step along that transect would embody some random continuous probability of passing out of a major drainage basin, or out of an area of more or less homogeneous rock type, or from one country to another. Moreover, this simple truism gives rise to area frequency distributions for large river basin or outcrop or nation area that are primarily dependent on the number of basins or outcrops or countries that exist across that particular landmass. As a consequence, the size frequencies of these areal units can be closely predicted knowing only the total area under consideration and the number of drainage basins, outcrop areas, or nations that exist within the area. The similarity between area frequencies of large river basins and rock types and nations suggests a nontrivial component of geologic influence on the partitioning of continental surfaces into major political divisions, and implies that cultural and economic factors, which serve to divide and unite political entities, do so within a geological framework.     

Compliance with international emission regulations: Reducing the air pollution from merchant vessels

In September 1997, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) adopted an international convention protocol to reduce air pollution from ships, in order to achieve sustainable maritime development. This protocol has been approved by 15 member countries and will be enforced in May 2005. Pollutants emitted from ships, such as nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, sulfur oxides, etc. will be regulated by this convention through ship inspections and issuance of certificates. Ships belonging to maritime countries such as Taiwan, which sail around the world and berth in commercial ports, must obey this convention. This study has investigated possible strategies, which may be adopted by maritime countries to conform to this IMO convention in order to reduce the air pollution from ships. A sea-going ship must prepare EIAPP and IAPP certificates for inspection by port-state-control officials, when the ship is anchored at a maritime port. These port-state-control officials may also require the continuous detection and sampling of a ship's emissions, while it is berthed at the port. Legislative support is necessary for successful implementation of these safeguards. It is suggested, therefore, that the administration of both navigational and environmental protection, in maritime countries, cooperate in the revision of relevant federal laws, to implement the provisions of the MARPOL 73/78/97 convention; in this way, the air pollution from ships can be effectively controlled. Installation of advanced detection equipment can effectively detect any ships’ violations of air pollution regulations. The Harbor Affairs’ Bureau should also establish a database of air pollution inspections for ships berthed within their harbor, requiring that ships’ equipment comply with the requirements of the MARPOL convention, for the reduction of air pollution.     

The Geography of the Journal of Geography: Paper Origins, 2008–2015

The Journal of Geography publishes work on geography education from throughout the world. This article investigates the origins of articles from 2008–2015, uncovers differences in rejection rates among articles from developed versus less developed regions, and makes suggestions to improve publication success by non-North American authors.     

休闲农业与美丽乡村耦合度评价指标体系构建及应用

休闲农业的发展为美丽乡村建设提供有力的产业支撑,美丽乡村建设为休闲农业发展提供必要的技术和管理支持,二者的协调发展对于乡村地区建设生态文明,实现"美丽中国"具有重大意义。在对休闲农业与美丽乡村两个子系统预选指标选择的基础上,通过专家筛选、聚类分析、相关性分析、指标鉴别和定量检验,构建一整套科学、全面评价休闲农业与美丽乡村耦合度的指标体系,并通过层次分析法和包络数据分析法确定各指标的权重,再以物理学上容量耦合模型为依据构建耦合协调度评价模型。以都江堰现代农业区为例进行实证分析,运用这套指标体系进行休闲农业与美丽乡村之间耦合度的评价,为休闲农业和美丽乡村耦合协调发展以及进一步破解"三农"问题提供指导。     

果子沟1~#隧道南口工程地质安全评价

对位于新疆霍城县约50 km处西气东输二线工程果子沟1#隧道南口的地质安全进行研究.1#隧道所处区域为北天山褶皱带中山峡谷区,工程地质条件复杂,岩层主要为石灰岩.工程地质安全隐患为进硐口的危岩崩塌、不稳定斜坡、弃渣边坡和围岩稳定性.对隧道围岩计算得出岩体强度应力比均大于6,该隧道围岩能够承受围岩应力的作用,不会产生过大的整体塑性变形、剪切及弯折等变形破坏,但围岩中存在分离块松动坍塌的可能性,从预防、治理和监测三个方面提出了对策建议.