面炮叠前深度偏移与控制照明技术

基于波场延拓的叠前深度偏移是实现复杂构造地质体成像的最可靠方法,但存在着计算量大、对观测系统适应性差等缺点。面炮偏移是波动方程实现精确叠前成像的另一类方法,具有较高的计算效率,不存在偏移孔径问题,而且可以通过控制照明方法,解决平面波在目标区域的能量补偿问题。本文采用面炮成像技术进行叠前深度偏移成像,通过对面炮震源下行波场的质量控制以及射线参数的个数和范围的选取,以达到最佳的成像效果。采用不同深度点上的控制照明技术,较大地提高了目标地层的成像精度。数据实验表明面炮成像技术是一种快速有效的方法,其成像精度与单平方根算子的共炮点道集偏移和双平方根算子的共中心点道集偏移相当,但在计算速度上要快得多,而且易于并行计算。     

磁法延拓在地磁背景场匹配中的应用研究

在浅海地区,由于复杂的地磁背景场会对航空磁异常探测(MAD)造成影响,导致目标识别的虚警率过高。为了降低虚警率,需要将地磁背景场从飞机探测的磁场中剥离出来。文中使用的地磁背景场通过船磁测量获得。但是MAD和船磁测量不在同一个高度/平面内,需要通过磁法向上延拓的方法,将船测磁场向上延拓到飞机飞行高度。基于海上磁测数据,通过磁法向上延拓的方法,获得飞机飞行平面内的地磁背景场,然后将实际飞行的磁测数据减去地磁背景场来完成地磁匹配,最终达到降低MAD信号识别输出虚警的目的。     

航空重力测量数据向下延拓基于信噪比的正则化方法的研究

本文研究了正则化方法在航空重力测量数据向下延拓问题中的应用。首先对这种不适定问题的线性模型,分析了设计阵的复共线性结构与其对参数估计危害之间的关系,利用参数LS估计的信噪比提取了各个参数是否受到复共线性严重危害的信息,从而在一定程度上揭示了设计阵复共线性结构的特征。然后提出了基于信噪比的正则化方法（SNR）,以信噪比为依据构造正则化矩阵,以极小化均方误差为目标选取正则化参数。本文构造正则化矩阵无需利用附加物理或先验信息,这对于在缺乏此类信息的情况下运用正则化方法提供了新的手段。最后进行了数值试验,结果表明,本文提出的新方法（SNR）比普通的正则化方法（OR）在滤噪和保真方面表现更佳。     

位场向下延拓的波数域迭代法及其收敛性

提出了位场向下延拓的波数域迭代法. 对水平面上的位场观测值进行Fourier变换,得到其波谱. 根据第一类Fredholm积分方程的空间域迭代解法,推导出计算向下延拓水平面上位场波谱的波数域迭代公式. 在波数域中进行迭代,一直进行到相继两次迭代近似解的差值最大绝对值小于给定的精度,或迭代达到给定的最大迭代次数. 对这种迭代近似解进行Fourier逆变换,得到向下延拓的位场. 数值计算结果表明：与空间域迭代法比较,这种波数域迭代法简单、快速,并有同样好的向下延拓效果. 本文还证明了这种迭代法是收敛的,并给出了它的收敛特性和滤波特性.     

噪声对磁场向下延拓迭代法的计算误差影响分析

磁场向下延拓可以增强数据的分辨率.在现有的向下延拓方法中,迭代法具有较好的计算效果和较大的向下延拓高度.首先介绍了迭代法的基本原理,分析迭代法的特点;然后利用迭代法对不同噪声水平的模型数据和实测数据进行向下延拓计算,研究噪声对迭代法的计算误差影响.通过延拓结果和实际数据比较分析,客观评价了迭代法的计算精度、可靠性及适应性,对推广应用该方法具有实质性意义.     

GPR velocity determination by image-wave remigration

We have studied in detail the theoretical and numerical properties of a finite-difference algorithm for image-wave time-remigration. For a number of synthetic models, numerical experiments have been performed. For these examples, we obtained perfect agreement between the theoretical predictions and numerical results. The examples also prove the computational efficiency of the algorithm. An application to ground-penetrating-radar (GPR) data demonstrates that image-wave remigration can be used to estimate models with laterally varying velocities. The quality of the latter is confirmed by a final zero-offset time migration.     

Application of Normalized Full Gradient Method to Self Potential (SP) Data

Recently, Normalized Full Gradient (NFG) method has widespread applications to natural potential fields, especially in gravity and magnetic. In this study, usage of NFG in Self-Potential (SP) data evaluation is tested. Results are compared to other SP interpretation methods. The NFG method is applied to synthetic and field SP data. As a consequence of application of the method to the anomalies of spherical, cylindrical and vertical sheet models, whose theoretical structures are explicit, the structures were found very close to their actual locations. In order to see the capability of the method in detecting the number of sources, NFG method was applied to different spherical models at different depths and locations. The least-squares inverse solution was applied to the same models and NFG method was found more powerful in detecting model structure. Sensitivity of NFG method for application to noisy data is also tested. An anomaly is generated by adding a random noise to two close sphere SP anomalies. The method seems to work for the two close spheres at high S/N ratio. Then, NFG method was applied to two field examples. The first one is the cross section taken from the SP anomaly map of the Ergani-Süleymanköy (Turkey) copper mine. The depth of the mineral deposit at that site was found about 38 m from the ground level. This result is well matched to previous studies. NFG was also applied to SP data from Seferihisar Izmir (Western Turkey) geothermal field and the location of the point source was determined. The field data of this site have already been modeled by the thermoelectric source (coupling) solution method. When these two methods are compared, they seem to support each other. It is concluded that the NFG method works perfectly when the structure model is simple. It is observed that natural potential sources close to earth’s surface are identified by the method more accurately at greater harmonics, while deep sources are identified at lesser harmonics. It produces reasonable results for noisy multi-source models than the other parameter identification methods (inverse solution, power spectrum, etc.).     

福建地区岩石圈磁异场的特征分析

利用2014—2015年福建地区4期流动地磁观测资料,得到该地区岩石圈磁场特征信息。经过5km、10km、20km、30km等不同高度的向上延拓处理,对福建地区岩石圈磁场特征信息进行浅部与深部异常场分离,提取深部异常。结果发现在福建长乐—诏安断裂带出现比较明显的磁异常,即在该断裂带南部和中北部发现磁场正负高值的交替变化,这些磁异常与地质构造的分布、地震活动性有一定的关系。     

Kirchhoff向下延拓法在海洋合成多道地震走时反演中的应用*

海洋多道地震数据建模和成像是获取洋壳速度和构造信息的重要手段。海水层的存在使得多道地震拖缆接收到的折射波走时信息仅仅存在于较远的炮检距, 近炮检距被强振幅海底反射波覆盖, 制约了走时数据拾取和反演效果。本文基于波动方程的Kirchhoff积分法, 成功实现了多道地震数据向下延拓, 获取到了更大炮检距区间的初至折射波走时拾取, 并将其应用于洋中脊新生洋壳2A/2B层的合成多道地震数据走时反演。比较向下延拓前后的走时拾取范围及走时反演结果表明, 向下延拓法能够保持地震波场的运动学和动力学特征不变, 在共炮集数据的更大炮检距范围内进行初至折射走时拾取, 从而增加反演的数据选择和浅层射线覆盖, 反演结果能更加准确地分辨出洋壳2A/2B层界面, 并得到更高的分辨率和更准确的速度结构剖面。     

直流电场向下延拓的边界积分方程法及其稳定化算法

本文在直流电场中利用边界积分方程建立起延拓面电位同地表电位的关系,同时考虑了观测面上的电位及其法向导数,离散化后得到了一组病态的线性方程组。这里采用菲利普斯—图梅方法使解答稳定,取得了良好的效果