基于CityEngine的三维城市规划设计与研究

城市规划领域越来越需要三维建模技术的支持。CityEngine作为一种新型的三维建模软件,不仅可以批量生成规划模型,还可以用来辅助三维城市规划设计。本文基于CityEngine规则建模方法,实现了规划方案对比、建筑体量调整、规划指标计算等功能,通过对某小区进行实际建模验证,证明了CityEngine可以为城市规划者们提供新的思路,为城市设计和城市管理提供决策支持。     

江西瑞昌戏子洞铜多金属矿地质特征与控矿因素

戏子洞铜多金属矿主要产于燕山期花岗闪长斑岩及其接触带附近,赋存于花岗闪长斑岩、矽卡岩内,具有典型岩浆热液矿床成因特点。在详细分析戏子洞铜多金属矿地质特征的基础上,认为矿体主要受花岗闪长斑岩、奥陶系与志留系之间岩性差异界面及北东向层滑断层等因素综合控制。     

黑河新生地区中侏罗世花岗质岩石锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及岩石成因

黑河新生地区西古兰河以北二长花岗岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素测试结果表明,其形成时代为中侏罗世((163.8±1)Ma)。这些中侏罗世二长花岗岩属于弱过铝质高钾钙碱性系列的Ⅰ型花岗岩,明显富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、Th)和亏损高场强元素(Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta),元素Sr具有明显的负异常,表明其原始岩浆起源于地壳火成岩的部分熔融。结合区域资料同时代火成岩的组合特征和古太平洋板块的构造演化,认为该二长花岗岩形成于活动大陆边缘,而其形成的地球动力学背景可能为古太平洋板块向欧亚板块俯冲造山后的伸展环境。     

江苏省南京市江宁区杨库村铜矿地质特征及找矿前景

通过对江苏省南京市江宁区杨库村铜矿的地质背景、矿床地质特征、围岩蚀变及矿床成因、成矿控矿条件的分析研究,并与相邻已知矿区进行对比,结合近几年的工作成果,阐述了杨库村铜矿的找矿前景。     

50年来北海市滨海湿地景观格局变化及其驱动机制

以1955~2004年遥感影像为数据源,结合野外调查,运用景观生态学原理,研究50 a间北海市滨海湿地的景观格局及其动态变化。结果表明,50 a间北海市滨海湿地呈整体退化趋势,潮间砂质海滩、潮间淤泥质海滩、红树林滩、小型岛屿湿地减少;景观格局指数显示1977年、1998年是北海市滨海湿地较明显变化的拐点。1977年人类活动影响增加,滨海湿地稍有退化,湿地景观多样性指数减小,优势度指数增加,均匀度指数减小、景观总面积指数降至最低值。1988年湿地保护力度加大,湿地略为好转,景观多样性指数、优势度指数、均匀度指数则呈相反规律。1998年湿地受到的极端气候灾害、人类干扰程度加大,平均斑块分形维数下降,斑块密度指数、景观斑块数破碎化指数呈最高值。湿地景观格局指数的变化,反映了围垦改造、互花米草的生物入侵、城市污染、极端气候灾害等对景观格局的影响,人类活动是北海市滨海湿地景观格局变化的主要驱动因子。     

Land-surface segmentation as a method to create strata for spatial sampling and its potential for digital soil mapping

Sampling efforts are constrained by limited availability of resources. Therefore, methods to reduce the number of samples, while still achieving reasonable accuracy are needed. Land-surface segmentation (LSS) has proven a powerful technique to partition digital elevation models (DEMs) and their derivatives into relatively homogeneous areas, which can be further employed as support in soil sampling. Though topography is one of the main soil forming factors, a robust assessment of the potential of this technique to digital soil mapping (DSM) is still missing. In this study, we aimed at evaluating the potential of LSS in stratifying a landscape into relatively homogeneous areas, which can be used as strata for guiding the selection of sampling points in DSM. The experiments were carried out in two study areas where soil samples were available. Land-surface derivatives were derived from DEMs and segmented with a tool based on the multiresolution segmentation algorithm, into objects considered as homogeneous soil-landscape divisions. Thus, one sample was randomly selected within each segment from the existing sample data, based on which predictions of soil classes/sub-orders and properties, i.e. soil texture and A-horizon thickness, were made. Results were compared with predictions based on simple random sampling (SRS) and conditioned Latin hypercube (cLHS). The segmentation-based sampling (SBS) scheme performed better than SRS and cLHS schemes in predicting the A-horizon thickness, soil texture fractions and soil classes, showing a high potential of LSS in stratifying a landscape for the purposes of DSM. The novelty of this study is in the way strata are constructed, rather than in the sampling design itself. Further research is needed to demonstrate the value of a SBS design for practical use. The analyses presented here further highlight the importance of considering locally adaptive techniques in optimization of sampling schemes and predictions of soil properties.     

长江中下游宣城水东地区早白垩世酸性火山岩年代学、地球化学及岩石成因

位于长江中下游的宣城水东地区发育一套酸性火山岩,主要由流纹质角砾岩、流纹岩和珍珠岩组成。本文对该套火山岩进行了详细的锆石U-Pb年代学、主量元素、微量元素以及Nd-Hf同位素研究。LA-ICP MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示3种岩性的火山岩年龄分别为133.2±0.8、133.4±0.8和131.5±0.9 Ma。主量元素组成上,这套酸性火山岩具高硅(72.51%~81.79%)、富钾(K_2O/Na_2O=2.04~14.93,平均6.72)、贫钙镁(Ca O=0.19%~1.57%,Mg O=0.06%~0.29%)的特征,属于弱过铝质(A/CNK=1.02~1.24)的高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列岩石。微量元素方面,轻重稀土元素分馏明显[(La/Yb)_N=5.43~9.17],具明显的负铕异常(Eu/Eu~*=0.44~0.60),富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)Rb、Th、K和Pb等,亏损Ba、Sr、Nb、P和Ti等元素,表现出壳源的特征。全岩Sr-Nd和锆石Hf同位素组成变化范围相对较小,(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i为0.707 3~0.708 8,εNd(t)值为-7.05~-5.56,εHf(t)为-8.6~-1.3。结合区域地质研究成果,认为宣城水东地区酸性火山岩可能是在约135 Ma古太平洋板块俯冲作用之后的伸展-拉伸环境下,由新元古代早期新生地壳重熔而成。     

高密度电阻率法在莱芜市泉河地区岩溶地质勘查中的应用

岩溶不仅会导致基岩面起伏很大,而且会产生较多的溶蚀带、溶洞、土洞等岩溶地质特征,灰岩分布区发生的地面塌陷等地质灾害,对建筑物安全及社会经济发展造成了严重的危害,高密度电阻率法是岩溶地质调查的重要物探手段。文章根据高密度电阻率法的基本原理及特点,对莱芜市泉河地区进行了岩溶地质勘查,通过对视电阻率二维成像图异常形态、高低阻等的反演分析,推断了该地区岩溶分布范围、大小和埋深。经钻探验证,推断结果与钻探资料吻合,为该地区岩溶塌陷地质灾害防治提供参考价值。      

The Digital Belt and Road program in support of regional sustainability

The Belt and Road initiative has a significant focus on infrastructure, trade, and economic development across a vast region, and it also provides significant opportunities for sustainable development. The combined pressure of climate variability, intensified use of resources, and the fragility of ecosystems make it very challenging, however, to achieve future sustainability. To develop the path in a sustainable way, it is important to have a comprehensive understanding of these issues across nations and evaluate them in a scientific and well-informed approach. In this context, the Digital Belt and Road (DBAR) program was initiated as an international venture to share expertise, knowledge, technologies, and data to demonstrate the role of Earth observation science and technology and big Earth data applications to support large-scale development. In this paper, we identify pressing challenges, present the research priorities and foci of the DBAR program, and propose solutions where big Earth data can make significant contributions. This paper calls for further joint actions and collaboration to build a digital silk road in support of sustainable development at national, regional and global levels.