浮游生物图像现场拍摄

利用“水下全自动数字显微成像仪”拍摄了水中的浮游生物图像,介绍了仪器性能和拍摄结果,并对仪器用于赤潮预测预报的可能性作了探讨。     

Application of Nonlinear Constraints in a Three-Dimensional Variational Ocean Analysis

Two kinds of nonlinear constraints, not previously studied in oceanography, have been adopted with the Preconditioned Optimizing Utility for Large-dimensional analyses (POpULar) in a three-dimensional oceanic variational analysis in the equatorial Pacific. One is the constraint for the variational Quality Control (QC) procedure and the other is used to avoid density and temperature inversions. Estimation of the large heat content anomaly in the upper ocean related to El Nino and La Nina phenomena is improved with the variational QC. For example, it prevents unusual but correct observation data on the thermocline deepening in the 1997/98 El Nino from being ignored. As a result, it improves the temperature field estimation in the eastern equatorial Pacific. The constraint for avoiding inversions prevents the low salinity layer at the surface and the barrier layer in the eastern equatorial Pacific in the El Nino period from being destroyed by the convective adjustment procedure performed after minimizing the cost function. Incorporating nonlinear constraints in variational analyses is thus a strong candidate for increasing the accuracy of analysis.     

Assessing the quality of data required to identify effective marine protected areas

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of currently available substrate data to designate marine reserves to meet conservation objectives. The case study site is Lyme Bay (approx. 2460 km²), in the western English Channel. An area of 240 km² in Lyme Bay was designated ‘closed to bottom dredging’ in July 2008 with the aim of protecting reefs which are an important habitat for Eunicella verrucosa (pink sea fan). The effects of using different substrate data resolution on the selection of sites to protect a range of biotopes using the Marxan package are determined. The effect of including a closed area on the efficiency of a marine reserve network is also investigated. Findings suggest that substrate data did not capture the biodiversity of the area and that using no data at all was equally effective. If low resolution data are all that are available then other options, such as expert opinion, or other data, such as activity use information could be used instead. Including a predefined closed area into the analysis led to an increase in area required to meet conservation goals using high resolution biotope data. It also increased the area of the reserve using the three substrate layers with no increase in protection for biotopes. This suggests that when designing networks of marine protected area sites, including current protected areas may be inefficient, resulting in larger areas being protected with no increased conservation of marine biodiversity. Policy makers must be prepared to adapt management in light of these findings and be aware of the shortcomings of the data available for use in marine conservation planning.     

长江河口空间元数据研究

信息共享能够有力推动长江河口的管理和研究,空间元数据是实现有效信息共享的支撑技术,目前长江河口研究的一个重要的瓶颈问题是数据格式不统一、无法实现共享,因此研究长江河口空间元数据尤为必要。本文从实现长江河口信息有效共享的角度,提出了长江河口空间元数据的概念,归纳了空间元数据的内容体系,并进一步研究了长江河口空间元数据获取的步骤和方法,利用XML文档技术实现其管理和应用。     

基于XML的极地数据模型设计与实现

针对极地科学考察的实际情况与科学数据管理的迫切需求,对基于XM L的极地数据模型技术进行研究,提出了模型的逻辑设计与物理设计,并以中国第13次南极考察走航气象观测数据进行验证,实现了XM L标准格式的转换。     

数字专门构造图件编制方法

数字专门构造图件的编制方法,是数字区域地质调查中新的研究课题.它的编制方法与传统方法相比大不相同.根据近几年来数字区域地质调查实践的经验,对数字专门构造图件--构造纲要图、构造形面图、构造图和数字构造剖面图编绘的流程、方法和注意事项提出了工作建议.     

海洋数据仓库的数据清洗规则应用研究

建立海洋数据仓库以实现海洋多源信息的汇集融合已成为趋势,数据清洗是数据仓库建立过程中的重要环节。文章介绍基于滤波和离差法的数据清洗规则,并以厦门市海洋水温数据为例,采用该规则方案对异常值进行批量探测和修正,得到较好效果,可为数据挖掘技术的研究和应用提供支持。     

Comparison of Ensemble Kalman Filter groundwater-data assimilation methods based on stochastic moment equations and Monte Carlo simulation

Traditional Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) data assimilation requires computationally intensive Monte Carlo (MC) sampling, which suffers from filter inbreeding unless the number of simulations is large. Recently we proposed an alternative EnKF groundwater-data assimilation method that obviates the need for sampling and is free of inbreeding issues. In our new approach, theoretical ensemble moments are approximated directly by solving a system of corresponding stochastic groundwater flow equations. Like MC-based EnKF, our moment equations (ME) approach allows Bayesian updating of system states and parameters in real-time as new data become available. Here we compare the performances and accuracies of the two approaches on two-dimensional transient groundwater flow toward a well pumping water in a synthetic, randomly heterogeneous confined aquifer subject to prescribed head and flux boundary conditions.     

基于GIS不规则单元划分及其地质信息提取系统

地质单元（尤其是不规则单元）划分及地质信息提取是矿产资源定量预测的基础性工作，用通用型GIS软件完成这项工作时有许多限制。如何在较为成熟的商用GIS软件的基础上开发出专用于单元划分及信息提取的计算机系统，是更有效地进行矿产资源定量预测必须解决的问题。从这个目的出发，讨论GIS的不规则地质单元划分及地质信息提取系统的设计及实现过程。