基于Symantec Backup Exec实现的湖北国土资源数据中心备份系统

本文深入探讨了有关数据备份中离线数据存储、备份策略规划、ORACLE数据库备份特性等技术专题,同时较详细地介绍了Symantec Backup Exec备份软件的服务组件和工作原理,并基于该软件介绍了如何构建湖北国土资源数据中心备份系统的具体实现过程。     

Analysis of dependence of decision quality on data quality

GIS professionals seem to assume that better data lead to better decisions, but how does one decide when better data lead to a better decision? An analysis to determine the effects of data quality on the quality of decisions provides criteria whether to invest in data quality improvement. This article analyzes data quality and how it influences the quality of a decision. It uses an example of an environmental engineering decision to demonstrate a general method to assess the influence of data quality on the decision. It shows that the uncertainty in aspects, which are poorly known, e.g., the necessary security levels, dominate the uncertainty of many decisions. Efforts to collect more or better data to improve the data quality of those stored in a GIS would not reduce uncertainty in the decision significantly. This result seems to be consistent with results from other studies for this very large class of decisions. The article gives a general method to assess whether collecting better data improves a decision or not.     

Multiple-Point Simulations Constrained by Continuous Auxiliary Data

An important issue of using the multiple-point (MP) statistical approach for reservoir modeling concerns the integration of auxiliary constraints derived, for instance, from seismic information. There exist two methods in the literature for these non-stationary MP simulations. One is based on an analytical approximation (the “τ-model”) of the conditional probabilities that involve auxiliary data. The degree of approximation with this method depends on the parameter τ, whose inference is difficult in practice. The other method is based on the inference of these conditional probabilities directly from training images. This method classifies the auxiliary data into a few classes. This classification is in general arbitrary and therefore inconvenient in practice, especially in the case of continuous auxiliary constraints. In this paper, we propose an alternative method for performing non-stationary MP simulations. This method accounts for the data support in the modeling procedure and allows, in particular, continuous auxiliary data to be integrated into MP simulations. This method avoids the major limitations of the previous methods, namely the use of an approximate analytical model and the reduction of the auxiliary data into a limited number of classes. This method can be easily implemented in the existing MP simulation codes. Numerical tests show good performance of this method both in reproducing the geometrical features of the training image and in honouring the auxiliary data.     

Fast FILTERSIM Simulation with Score-based Distance

FILTERSIM is a pattern-based multiple-point geostatistical algorithm for modeling both continuous and categorical variables. It first groups all the patterns from a training image into a set of pattern classes using their filter scores. At each simulation location, FILTERSIM identifies the training pattern class closest to the local conditioning data event, then samples a training pattern from that prototype class and pastes it onto the simulation grid. In the original FILTERSIM algorithm, the selection of the closest pattern class is based on the pixel-wise distance between the prototype of each training pattern class and the local conditioning data event. Hence, FILTERSIM is computationally intensive for 3D simulations, especially with a large and pattern-rich training image. In this paper, a novel approach is proposed to accelerate the simulation process by replacing that pixel-wise distance calculation with a filter score comparison, which is the difference between the filter score of local conditioning data event and that of each pattern prototype. This score-based distance calculation significantly reduces the CPU consumption due to the tremendous data dimension reduction. The results show that this new score based-distance calculation can speed up FILTERSIM simulation by a factor up to 10 in 3D applications.     

科学数据共享实践：以国家地球系统科学数据中心为例

地球系统科学是一门综合性交叉学科,起源于全球变化研究,受益于遥感技术进步,现已进入大数据时代,人工智能技术成为解决地球系统科学前沿问题的新手段。科学数据共享是推动科学发展、提升数据价值的关键,经过长期的探索和实践,全球已形成完善的数据资源管理政策与机制、持续的数据共享服务体系、多元化的科学数据整合模式,并且新的理念不断推动数据共享创新发展,其中“可发现、可访问、可互操作和可重用”原则和数据出版备受推崇。我国颁布了国家层面的政策法规,着重推动国家级科学数据中心建设、科技项目数据资源汇交及数据出版。借鉴国外数据共享经验,结合国内实际发展情况,我国探索出具有中国特色的地球系统科学数据资源分类体系,在元数据、分布式互操作、大数据分析和共享服务等关键技术方面都取得了重大突破。本文以国家地球系统科学数据中心为例,系统梳理了国内地球系统科学领域的数据共享实践进展,详细介绍了国家在地球系统科学领域的数据共享实践及其成效。国家地球系统科学数据共享工作已探索形成成熟稳定的运行服务机制、研制出适用于多源分散地球系统科学数据的标准体系、 建成多学科多时空尺度的地球系统科学数据库群、自主研发海量异构数据共享网络技术体系与服务系统,促进了地球系统科学的科学发展,同时也推动了数据共享理念的传播与推广。然而,数据孤岛现象、共享服务系统标准化程度低、系统技术标准未对接国际规范等问题仍然较为突出,阻碍了地球系统科学数据开放与共享。未来,随着共享个性化需求被激活,定制化的“数据+知识”服务有望成为主流趋势,将给数据共享带来新的机遇和挑战。     

新一代天气雷达地物回波及电磁干扰质控算法业务试运行评估

对雷达基数据质控方法的定量评估是业务应用推广的重要步骤。本文针对中国气象科学研究院研发的地物回波及电磁干扰回波质控算法在"新一代天气雷达建设业务软件系统开发及应用(ROSE)"系统中的业务试应用,使用2014年4—10月系统试运行的10个雷达站的数据,提出了评估方法及评估指标。利用统计和典型个例分析方法对算法进行了初步业务试运行的效果评估,验证了算法的可靠性,提出了适用范围及改进措施。结果表明:该方法对地物回波的识别成功率为92.29%,但存在漏判和误判。参与评估的CB雷达径向速度资料质量高,识别效果好;SA和SB雷达的识别效果受到了观测模式等导致径向速度资料质量变差的影响。电磁干扰回波的识别成功率为94.39%,能有效识别小于5个径向的窄条幅状干扰回波,但仍需改进算法完成对麻点状、螺旋状和大面积径向干扰回波的自动识别。对雷达资料的定量应用,需采取质控,而预报员的实时观测可根据情况进行选择性质控。     

Exploration of polymetallic nodules in the Area: Reporting practices,data management and transparency

The International Seabed Authority (ISA) regulates the activities related with the exploration and exploitation of seabed mineral resources in the Area, which are considered as the "common heritage of mankind" under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. The ISA has also the mandate to ensure the protection of the marine environment. The development of good practices for the annual reporting and data submission by Contractors is crucial for the ISA to comply with the sustainable development of the mineral marine resources. In 2015, the ISA issued a new template for reporting on exploration activities, which includes the definition of the format for all geophysical, geological and environmental data to be collected and analysed during exploration. The availability of reliable data contributes to improve the assessment of the ISA on the activities in the Area while promoting transparency, which is considered as a major principle of industry best practices.     

Cost and value of multidisciplinary fixed-point ocean observatories

Sustained ocean observations are crucial to understand both natural processes occurring in the ocean and human influence on the marine ecosystems. The information they provide increases our understanding and is therefore beneficial to the society as a whole because it contributes to a more efficient use and protection of the marine environment, upon which human livelihood depends. In addition the oceans, which occupy 73% of the planet surface and host 93% of the biosphere, play a massive role in controlling the climate. Eulerian or fixed-point observatories are an essential component of the global ocean observing system as they provide several unique features that cannot be found in other systems and are therefore complementary to them. In addition they provide a unique opportunity for multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary work, combining physical, chemical and biological observations on several time scales. The fixed-point open ocean observatory network (FixO3) integrates the 23 European open ocean fixed-point observatories in the Atlantic Ocean and in the Mediterranean Sea. The programme also seeks to improve access to key installations and the knowledge they provide for the wider community, from scientists, to businesses, to civil society. This paper summarises the rationale behind open ocean observatories monitoring the essential ocean variables. It also provides an estimate of the costs to operate a typical fixed-point observatory such as those included in the FixO3 network. Finally an assessment of the type of data and services provided by ocean observations and their value to society is also given.     

A SPH numerical wave basin for modeling wave-structure interactions

Based on a parallel SPH-LES model, a three dimensional numerical wave basin is developed to study wave interaction with coastal structures. The OpenMP programming technology combined with an existing MPI program contained in the parallel version of SPHysics code has been implemented to enable the simulation of hundred millions of particles running on a computer cluster. As part of the numerical basin development work an active absorbing wave maker and a sponge layer are introduced. The dynamic boundary conditions are also corrected to reduce the spurious effects. Wave generation and propagation in the numerical wave basin is first tested and confirmed with analytical results. Then, the model is applied to simulate wave interactions with a vertical breakwater and a vertical cylinder in order to further assess the capability of the numerical wave basin. The predicted free surface elevation near the vertical breakwater is compared with the experimental data while the horizontal forces and overturning moments acting on the vertical cylinder are verified with the analytical results. In all these cases the model results show excellent agreement with the validation data.