Lithological control of land subsidence induced by groundwater withdrawal in new urban AREAS (Granada Basin,SE Spain). Multiband DInSAR monitoring

Ground subsidence in the southeastern border of the Granada Basin (SE Spain) has been studied using remote sensing techniques. Over the last decades, the region has experienced a huge urban expansion, which has caused a substantial increase in water supply requirements. Water needs are exclusively met by groundwater by means of numerous pumping wells, which exploit a confined detrital aquifer of alluvial fan deposits with a heterogeneous facies distribution. A general piezometric level decline (up to 50 m) has been recorded in the aquifer during the past 30 years that has induced the generation of a subsiding area with oval shape oriented WNW‐ESE just where the new urban areas and pumping wells are located. Subsidence has been monitored by exploiting synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images from ENVISAT (2003–2009) and Cosmo‐SkyMed (2011–2014). A new approach, which combines A‐DInSAR and small‐area persistent scatterer interferometry (PSI) analysis, has been applied obtaining a good accuracy regarding temporal and spatial dimension of the subsidence. ENVISAT data (2003–2009) reveal subsidence rates up to 10–15 mm/year, and Cosmo‐SkyMed (2011–2014) values slightly lower; up to 10 mm/year. Temporal variations in the subsidence velocity are in accordance with the rainfall pattern and piezometric fluctuations in the aquifer. The sector with highest rates of subsidence does not correspond to the area with more intense groundwater exploitation but to the area with greater presence of clays in the confining layer of the aquifer. There is a clear lithological control in the spatial distribution of the ground subsidence. This work integrates detailed geological and hydrogeological data with differential SAR interferometry monitoring with the aim to better understand subsidence processes in detrital aquifers with small‐scale heterogeneity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术的地面沉降研究综述

综述了合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)技术的研究现状及其在监测地面沉降方面的优势和缺陷.与传统监测方法相比,InSAR技术在地面沉降监测方面主要具有全天候、大范围、高分辨率、高精度等优势,但在实际应用中则会产生去相关问题.探讨了利用该技术监测地面沉降的发展方向,认为应将InSAR与GPS及传统的水准测量等方法结合使用,合理利用各技术之间的互补性.     

基于相干目标的干涉图叠加方法监测天津地区地面沉降

利用ENVISAT ASAR数据,采用基于相干目标的干涉图叠加方法,对天津地区的地面沉降现象进行了DInSAR监测试验.差分干涉处理采用"两轨法",使用校正了高程异常的SRTM DEM数据消除高程相位.以相干系数为标准选取了相干目标,解缠过程中运用了Delaunay三角剖分和权重最小费用流算法.本文获得的季度平均沉降速率图有效揭示了试验区地面沉降的空间展布及相对形变量,但其获得的绝对形变量尚需地面实测数据校验.     

基于Sentinel-1A数据的四川长宁MS6.0地震同震形变场分析及断层滑动分布反演

利用大地测量数据研究2019年6月17日四川长宁M_S6.0地震同震形变场特征和发震断层参数, 基于DInSAR技术处理升降轨Sentinel-1A数据获取干涉相位图, 并考虑大气折射效应和余震形变误差实现同震形变场改正。四叉树采样后的形变数据作为反演数据源, 采用弹性半空间分层模型反演发震断层几何面滑动分布。结果表明本次地震发震机制为兼具逆冲和左旋走滑, 矩震级为M_W5.9, 断层破裂尺度达28 km×20 km, 震源深度约9.4 km。升降轨视线向同震形变场在断层两侧呈现形变特征差异, 最大沉降量分别是8.34 cm(升轨)和4.23 cm(降轨), 最大抬升量分别是5.5 cm(升轨)和7.5 cm(降轨); 发震断层走向为302°, 倾角为43°, 平均滑动角为50°, 断层面最大滑动量达到0.28 m。     

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基于单轨道OT DInSAR的矿山时序三维多量级形变重建

提出一种矿山地表时序三维多量级形变重建方法。首先利用单轨道OT和DInSAR技术提取LOS向非连续的多量级形变;再结合形变先验融合模型和概率积分法构建矿山三维多量级形变重建模型;最后以神东大柳塔矿山52303工作面为研究对象,对覆盖研究区的6对高分辨率TerraSAR-X数据进行时序处理,获取长时间序列的矿山地表三维多量级形变监测结果。与水准测量结果对比发现,该方法与水准测量结果形变趋势一致,垂直向、东西向和南北向的均方根误差（RMSE）分别小于0.188 0 m、0.224 3 m和0.207 4 m。该方法不仅能准确测量矿山地表三维多量级形变,还能精细反演矿山地表沉降漏斗边缘到中心的形变特征。     

Lithology-controlled subsidence and seasonal aquifer response in the Bandung basin,Indonesia, observed by synthetic aperture radar interferometry

Land subsidence in the Bandung basin, West Java, Indonesia, is characterized based on differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR) and interferometric point target analysis (IPTA). We generated interferograms from 21 ascending SAR images over the period 1 January 2007 to 3 March 2011. The estimated subsidence history shows that subsidence continuously increased reaching a cumulative 45 cm during this period, and the linear subsidence rate reached ∼12 cm/yr. This significant subsidence occurred in the industrial and densely populated residential regions of the Bandung basin where large amounts of groundwater are consumed. However, in several areas the subsidence patterns do not correlate with the distribution of groundwater production wells and mapped aquifer degradation. We conclude that groundwater production controls subsidence, but lithology is a counteracting factor for subsidence in the Bandung basin. Moreover, seasonal trends of nonlinear surface deformations are highly related with the variation of rainfall. They indicate that there is elastic expansion (rebound) of aquifer system response to seasonal-natural recharge during rainy season.     

基于雷达干涉永久散射体网络探测地表形变的算法与实验结果

为削弱常规卫星DInSAR技术在区域地表形变探测应用中时空失相关与大气延迟的负面影响,探索和发展了基于永久散射体(PS)观测网络建模与参数稳健估计的算法并开发一套完整的计算程序,可达到分离和提取线性与非线性形变时间序列、地形数据误差与大气信号的目的。以上海市沉降场为对象,选取1992~2002年间ERS-1/2卫星所获取的26幅SAR影像为源数据,分别开展模拟和真实数据的实验,证实该算法和计算程序是有效而可靠的。     

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利用时序DInSAR监测填海造陆地区地表沉降

通过研究时序DInSAR相位模型,利用振幅离差、时间相干系数和统计分析多重方法提取了相干点目标,并根据不同相位分量的时空特性分离出形变相位,继而提取出相干点目标上的沉降速率。以上海市临港新城主城区为实验区,利用24景Envisat ASAR影像,得到了2007-10～2010-02间的沉降速率分布,并分析了冲填土年代对沉降的影响。