基于DEA方法的城市土地利用经济效益分析——以哈尔滨市为例

以哈尔滨市建成区土地利用作为研究对象,结合哈尔滨市所处发展阶段及土地利用现状特点构建评价指标体系,以DEA方法为手段,用Matlab软件进行数学计算,对哈尔滨市2001~2005年城市土地利用经济效益进行定量分析和评价。哈尔滨市土地利用经济效益水平一般,且土地投入有冗余。提出加强城市存量土地利用、注重不同用地类型的投资比例、调整产业结构三方面入手提出提高哈尔滨市土地利用经济效益的建议。     

中国东中西部城市土地储备决策绩效比较研究

运用数据包络分析(DEA)模型,对2013年中国内地34个大中城市土地储备决策绩效进行总体评价和比较分析。研究结果表明:东部地区城市土地储备决策效率最高,西部次之,中部最低;土地储备决策效率受到纯技术效率和规模效率的共同作用,且规模效率作用较大;影响东中西部城市土地储备决策效率投入产出的主要因素各不相同。基于此,从深化土地及相关制度改革和提升政府管理效率两个层面提出土地储备决策绩效优化策略,从而提高土地资源利用效率、优化城市空间结构。     

Impact assessment using DEA of coastal hazards on social-economy in Southeast Asia

Southeast Asian countries suffer from severe coastal hazards each year. A large number of these countries are incurring consequential costs that impact their national economies. It is crucial, therefore, to analyze the impact of such hazards on their economic development and provide a solid basis for future development strategies. The purpose of this paper is to assess the relationship between the economic development and the losses from coastal disasters, and to identify both the impact of hazards on the development, as well as the function of such development on the resilience to hazards. The data envelopment analysis (DEA) method is employed to build the assessment models. Data from 1995 to 2005 from eight Southeast countries are analyzed using the DEA models. A set of “resilience index” of these countries are concluded from the results. It is found that the economic development does not contribute to the strengthening of national resilience to coastal hazards. Inappropriate development could even impair the resilience. Additionally, the resilience to coastal hazards is impacted by various factors such as the allocation of resources and external assistance. From the analysis, a clear image is gained of the interaction between economic development and coastal hazards, which provides a basis for future development strategies.

中国科技资源配置效率测度及其时空格局演变特征(英文)

According to the connotation and structure of science and technology resources and some relevant data of more than 286 cities at prefecture level and above during 2001–2010, using modified method—Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA), science and technology(ST) resource allocation efficiency of different cities in different periods has been figured out, which, uncovers the distributional difference and change law of ST resource allocation efficiency from the time-space dimension. Based on that, this paper has analyzed and discussed the spatial distribution pattern and evolution trend of ST resource allocation efficiency in different cities by virtue of the Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis(ESDA). It turned out that:(1) the average of ST resource allocation efficiency in cities at prefecture level and above has always stayed at low levels, moreover, with repeated fluctuations between high and low, which shows a decreasing trend year by year. Besides, the gap between the East and the West is widening.(2) The asymmetrical distribution of ST resource allocation efficiency presents a spatial pattern of successively decreasing from Eastern China, Central China to Western China. The cities whose ST resource allocation efficiency are at higher level and high level take on a cluster distribution, which fits well with the 23 forming urban agglomerations in China.(3) The coupling degree between ST resource allocation efficiency and economic environment assumes a certain positive correlation, but not completely the same. The differentiation of ST resource allocation efficiency is common in regional development, whose existence and evolution are directly or indirectly influenced by and regarded as the reflection of many elements, such as geographical location, the natural endowment and environment of ST resources and so on.(4) In the perspective of the evolution of spatial structure, ST resource allocation efficiency of the cities at prefecture level and above shows a notable spatial autocorrelation, which in every period presents a positive correlation. The spatial distribution of ST resource allocation efficiency in neighboring cities seems to be similar in group, which tends to escalate stepwise. Meanwhile, the whole differentiation of geographical space has a diminishing tendency.(5) Viewed from LISA agglomeration map ofST resource allocation efficiency in different periods, four agglomeration types have changed differently in spatial location and the range of spatial agglomeration. And the continuity of ST resource allocation efficiency in geographical space is gradually increasing.     

基于DEA和Malmquist的中国城市代谢效率研究

运用物质流、数据包络分析(DEA)及Malmquist指数对中国31个案例城市进行了城市代谢效率的研究。通过将城市代谢系统社会经济产出、环境非期望产出及水、电、化石能源、金属矿物、建筑材料、食物等投入部分纳入进DEA和Malmquist指数中,测得了案例城市的2000年、2010年代谢效率及变化趋势。研究结果发现,中国城市代谢系统效率总体相对较高,尤其是东中部地区城市的综合效率、纯技术效率和规模效率要高于西部地区城市,大城市的代谢综合效率高于巨型、超大和特大城市。2000~2010年,城市代谢综合效率、纯技术效率等所有效率指标的均值均呈现出下降趋势,但是中、西部地区城市的综合效率和纯技术效率却呈改善趋势,并且特大和超大城市的综合效率高于巨型城市。     

广西边境民族地区旅游扶贫效率测度与时空演化分析

广西边境民族地区旅游扶贫是我国脱贫攻坚的重要组成部分。通过数据包络分析（DEA）测算广西边境民族地区2011—2017年的旅游扶贫效率,结合Malmquist指数进行跨期动态分析,并运用ArcGIS10.0进行时空演化特征分析。结果表明：1）广西边境民族地区旅游扶贫效率处于中等偏高水平,各县（市、区）旅游扶贫综合效率时空分布差异较大,主要受纯技术效率影响;2）广西边境民族地区整体旅游扶贫Malmquist指数总体处于逐步衰退的趋势,其中规模效率变化指数贡献最大,纯技术效率变化指数次之;3）从投入产出效率角度分析,广西边境民族地区旅游扶贫效率随时间的变化表现出空间集聚态势增强的趋势,聚集程度增加;4）旅游扶贫效率类型主要分为潜力型、发展型、成熟型和衰退型4种类型,少数县（市、区）旅游扶贫效果不明显。     

Measurement and Comparison of Urban Haze Governance Level and Efficiency based on the DPSIR Model: A Case Study of 31 Cities in North China

In the decisive stage of developing of a moderately prosperous society in all aspects, hazy weather has become a major obstacle to the further advancement of China. Therefore, improving the level and efficiency of haze governance has become essential. Based on the DPSIR model, this paper builds a haze governance level and efficiency index system using the entropy method and the super-efficiency data envelope-analysis (DEA) model to analyze the data for 31 cities in North China from 2007 to 2016. From the aspects of spatial differences and influence factors influencing the comparative analysis, the results are as follows. (1) During the investigation period, the level and efficiency of city haze governance in North China showed a trend of fluctuation and decline, with obvious stages in their characteristics. Haze governance efficiency is much higher than its level, and its mean value reaches the DEA level which indicates that it is effective. (2) A significant regional gradient difference occurs between these two aspects. The haze governance level presents a convex distribution pattern of “east low-middle high-west low”, while the haze governance efficiency presents a concave distribution pattern of “east high-middle low-west high”. (3) The regression results show that economic growth has a negative effect on both haze governance level and efficiency. By contrast, the industrial structure has a positive effect on haze governance level and efficiency, but the significance of its effect on these two is different. On this basis, policy suggestions are proposed for improving the level and efficiency of haze governance in various cities in North China.     

20世纪90年代中国城市效率的时空变化

尝试采用DEA测评中国202个地级及其以上城市的效率,进而探索中国城市效率在1990~2000年间的时空变化,结果发现：目前中国城市效率较低,而且呈现与三大地带经济发展格局和城市行政等级相一致的空间格局。另外,进一步把城市效率分解为规模效率、利用效率和纯技术效率,发现中国城市的利用效率和纯技术效率普遍较高,但规模效率是影响中国城市效率空间格局和时空变化的主要因素;正是由于规模效率在1990~2000年的下降抵消了利用效率、纯技术效率上升所带来的影响,造成目前中国城市效率普遍较低。因此,从规模效率的角度看中国城市目前还具有很大的发展潜力。     

中国绿色生产效率区域差异及空间格局演变

绿色生产效率评价是评估中国生态文明建设和经济转型可行性的重要途径。基于“人地协调”理念和“过程+格局”思维,建立了衡量绿色生产效率的投入—产出指标,采用数据包络分析法对中国30个省(市、区)近10年的绿色生产效率进行测度,运用熵值法、基尼系数、探索性空间数据分析、空间自相关等方法,结合ArcGIS、Geoda软件,对中国2005-2014绿色生产效率差异以及空间格局的时空演变进行研究。结果表明：①2005-2014年中国绿色生产效率呈上升趋势,呈现从“大差距低水平”向“小差距高水平”转变的时序特征;②2005-2014年中国四大地区绿色生产效率呈现东部地区>东北地区>中部地区>西部地区的空间分异特征;③中国绿色生产效率呈现东高西低的率三级阶梯空间格局特征;④中国各省(市、区)绿色生产效率值与相邻地区存在相似性,表现出一定的空间集聚特征;⑤经济发展基础和差别化的资源环境区域政策是绿色生产效率区域差异的主要因素。