利用TanDEM-X影像和ICESat-2高程数据获取南极高精度数字高程模型

高精度DEM是南极科学研究的基础地理信息数据之一。德国空间局发布的TanDEM-X双站干涉影像对不仅分辨率高、覆盖范围大,而且具有零时间基线,不受时间去相关、大气变化及地面目标形变的影响。本文基于TanDEM-X双站干涉影像对和迭代差分InSAR技术获取南极高分辨率DEM;然后利用南极ICESat-2高程数据和最小二乘平差方法改正DEM产品的系统性偏移误差,提高DEM产品的绝对精度。真实数据试验结果表明,本文方法可获取分辨率优于5 m、绝对精度优于2 m的南极DEM。     

D－InSAR技术在淮南矿区沉陷监测中的试验研究

综合矿区开采沉陷特点和D－InSAR基本原理指出,当前D－InSAR矿区沉陷监测的难点为：1）不易采用同一传感器数据监测整个地表移动周期内的矿区沉陷;2）在低潜水位矿区,地表移动活跃期内最大变形梯度往往超过雷达临界探测梯度导致去相干;3）在高潜水位矿区,变形梯度大、沉陷积水区雷达回波信号弱,导致干涉测量结果不理想。因此,为了改善D－InSAR在矿区的沉陷监测中的应用效果,针对上述问题提出了相应的解决方案。最后,通过选择淮南矿区形变期内的两景数据,进行二轨差分干涉处理,获得了研究区域煤炭开采形成的地表沉降场,并分析了不可靠形变信息产生的原因。     

基于多视线向D-InSAR技术的三维地表形变抗差解算方法

针对粗差对多源InSAR数据三维地表形变解算的影响,提出一种基于多视线向D-InSAR技术的三维地表形变抗差解算方法。该方法利用多视线向D-InSAR地表形变监测数据,在最小二乘原则的基础上实现InSAR三维地表形变解算,获取平差观测量的残差,建立最小二乘残差与观测量单位权方差的函数关系,并通过计算出的单位权方差对InSAR地表形变观测量进行定权;基于等价权原理,选用IGGⅢ权函数实现三维地表形变的抗差解算。最后,以2009年意大利拉奎拉地区地震为例,对该解算方法的可行性和精度进行验证。结果表明,该方法可以获取可靠的解算结果。     

基于PS-InSAR的 1995-2000 年苏州地面沉降监测

永久散射体(PS)技术在传统差分干涉测量(D-InSAR)中引入时间维,分析长时间内保持稳定的像元集相位变化,获得毫米级的地面测量精度,但是该技术要求处理的范围较小.采用分块处理的方法,通过PS差分干涉测量处理,得到1995-2000 年苏州地区地面沉降场的测量值.地面水准测量数据的验证分析表明,雷达差分干涉测量精度可达5mm(以水准测量代表地面形变的真实情况),基于分块处理的 PS-InSAR 技术在进行城市地面沉降监测和时空演化特征研究中具有很大的优势.     

基于InSAR分析2015年尼泊尔MW7.8地震形变场特征及断层滑动分布反演

2015年4月25日尼泊尔发生了M_W7.8地震, 本文基于震前、 震后两景Sentinel-1A雷达影像, 采用D-InSAR两轨差分干涉法提取了此次地震的同震形变场。 结果显示, 同震形变场位于喜马拉雅造山带—主边界逆冲断裂(MBT)和主前锋逆冲断裂(MFT)附近, 形变场整体表现为自西北向往东南方向延伸近150 km的纺锤形包络状, 以大面积隆起抬升形变为主, 视线向最大隆升形变达1.18 m, 抬升区北侧存在一小沉陷区, 以InSAR观测值定位同震最大形变中心。 基于均匀介质弹性半空间模型(Okada模型)与InSAR观测数据反演了断层滑动分布。 反演结果表明该地震属于典型逆冲型地震, 发震断层为主喜马拉雅逆冲断裂(MHT), 同震破裂从主喜马拉雅逆冲断裂(MHT)向上沿着主前锋逆冲断裂(MFT)传递。 基于InSAR同震形变场局部形变细节, 结合震区地质背景、 断裂分布及断层运动特征, 获得了同震破裂拟出露地表迹线。     

基于点目标分析的InSAR技术检测地表微小形变的研究

近年来,由合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术(InSAR)技术发展而来的时间序列影像点目标分析技术已发展成为大范围地提取地表微小形变信息的关键技术。本研究针对地表形变检测中经常出现的时间、空间去相干问题和大气效应等问题,从常规的合成孔径雷达差分测量技术(D-InSAR)入手,深入探讨了以永久散射体(PSI)和相干目标分析(CTA)方法为代表的点目标分析技术原理和方法,阐述了它们的特点和优势。最后,介绍了CTA方法对提取长时间地表形变场的具体应用实例,说明其方法的有效性和可靠性。     

基于SRTM数据的二轨D-InSAR监测城市地表沉降研究

合成孔径雷达差分干涉测量技术是新近发展起来的用于监测大范围地表形变的新技术,具有精度高、监测范围广等特点。本文首先深入分析了D-InSAR技术的基本原理,然后通过实验成功获取了上海市中心城区相隔7个月的地面沉降结果,通过与常规方法获取的沉降图的对比,发现二者具有高度的一致性,从而证明了利用D-InSAR技术监测城市地面沉降具有良好的应用前景。     

Calculating vertical deformation using a single InSAR pair based on singular value decomposition in mining areas

Vertical deformation estimation can be a significant tool in preventing geological hazards and managing environment impacts of underground mining. Common ground surface vertical deformation calculations are challenged by difficult data collection and dependence on prior knowledge. SVD (singular value decomposition) method was applied to estimate ground surface vertical deformation from single pair SAR (synthetic aperture radar) data in a mining region. During the study, LOS (line of sight) and azimuth displacement was obtained using two pass D-InSAR (differential interferometry synthetic aperture radar) and MAI (multi-aperture radar interferometry) technology, respectively. Two adjustment equations were composed using the imaging geometry of D-InSAR and MAI. The singular value decomposition theorem was used to acquire M-P (Moore-Penrose) generalized inverse of the rank deficiency coefficient matrix. From this, the optimal approximation solution of unknown parameters was calculated using weighted least squares. A working panel in the Datong mining area, Shanxi province, China, was selected to verify the SVD approach using the two ascending Sentinel-1A data. The accuracy of vertical deformation estimated by SVD approach is reliable. The RMSE (root mean square error) of vertical deformation is 2.64 mm (along upright profile) and 4.95 mm (along horizontal profile). These results suggest that the SVD approach will complement widely used vertical ground surface deformation calculations. Further study is needed to validate the method from other deformation scenarios from landslides, groundwater loss, earthquakes, underground mining, and glacier movement.     

Research on ground deformation monitoring method in mining areas using the probability integral model fusion D-InSAR,sub-band InSAR and offset-tracking

With the aim of addressing the problem of accurately monitoring complete deformation fields over mining areas by means of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), this paper proposes a solution to obtain complete deformation fields using the probability integral model to fuse deformation data derived from Differential Interferometric SAR (D-InSAR), sub-band InSAR and offset-tracking. This method is used for small-scale, medium-scale and large-scale deformation monitoring using D-InSAR, sub-band InSAR and offset-tracking, respectively. Finally, the probability integral model is utilized to integrate the three deformation fields, and a complete deformation field with high-accuracy over the study area can be obtained. The method is tested on 13 TerraSAR-X (TSX) images from December 2, 2012 to April 24, 2013 of the working face 52,304 of the Daliuta mining area in Shaanxi province, China. The complete deformation field of the working face during the 113-day mining period is obtained. The results show that during the process of working face advancing, the subsidence basin has been expanding along the direction of excavation. The relationship between the average maximum subsidence rate and the advancing distance of the working face can be described by a quadratic polynomial. It has been also observed that, when the underground mining reaches the full mining condition, the maximum subsidence value does not increase further. The accuracy of the proposed method is verified against the global positioning system field survey data. The root mean square errors in the strike and dip directions are 0.134 m and 0.105 m, respectively. Due to the support provide by the reserved coal pillars, the subsidence value above the reserved coal pillars is smaller.     

利用Sentinel-1A数据监测地表形变案例分析

雷达卫星结合InSAR技术已广泛应用于高精度地表形变监测领域。本文选取2017年九寨沟地震为研究案例,利用Sentinel-1A地震前后的单视复数影像,基于D-InSAR技术获取该次地震的同震形变场。结果显示：震中西北侧表现出相对均匀的下沉现象,沉降漏斗区雷达视线向最大沉降量达25.1 cm;东南侧呈现不均匀抬升状态,地表破碎较为明显,最大抬升量为11.6 cm。研究表明基于Sentinel-1A数据的D-InSAR技术可以为地震形变场的定量分析提供一种快速有效的手段,为阐释地震发震机理及评估受灾情况提供必要的数据支撑,具有广阔的应用前景。