基于非等间距模型的建筑物沉降预测方法研究

该文基于实测资料进行建筑物沉降预测。在灰色模型和泊松曲线模型理论的基础上,引入对非等间距数列进行变换处理的方法,从而建立了非等间距预测模型。结合建筑物沉降监测资料进行分析比较,结果表明,两种预测方法均能较好地反映建筑物的沉降趋势。     

Effect of Multipoint Heterogeneity on Nonlinear Transformations for Geological Modeling： Porosity-Permeability Relations Revisited

An analysis of statistical expected values for transformations is performed in this study to quantify the effect of heterogeneity on spatial geological modeling and evaluations. Algebraic transformations are frequently applied to data from logging to allow for the modeling of geological properties. Transformations may be powers, products, and exponential operations which are commonly used in well-known relations (e.g., porosity-permeability transforms). The results of this study show that correct computations must account for residual transformation terms which arise due to lack of independence among heterogeneous geological properties. In the case of an exponential porosity-permeability transform, the values may be positive. This proves that a simple exponential model back-transformed from linear regression underestimates permeability. In the case of transformations involving two or more properties, residual terms may represent the contribution of heterogeneous components which occur when properties vary together, regardless of a pair-wise linear independence. A consequence of power- and product-transform models is that regression equationswithin those transformations need corrections via residual cumulants. A generalization of this result isthat transformations of multivariate spatial attributes require multiple-point random variable relations. This analysis provides practical solutions leading to a methodology for nonlinear modeling using correct back transformations in geology.     

水平井含水率上升影响因素

利用塔里木油田塔中4油田(TZ4)底水油藏相关的地质、流体数据建立数值模型。在所建模型的基础上,应用数值模拟计算的累积产油、产水和产液量回归俞启泰水驱特征曲线,以反映水平井见水特征的参数b。以参数b为研究对象,采用正交试验的方法研究不同因素对b值的影响,筛选影响水平井见水特征的主要因素,认为原油粘度、油层厚度、非均质性及水平井水平段在油藏中的位置是影响水平井含水上升趋势的主要指标。最后建立主要因素与b值的关系式,结合俞启泰曲线b值图版,提出预测水平井见水规律的公式——图版法(F-b法)。应用F-b法对塔里木水平井含水率进行预测,并与其他相关方法及实际生产数据对比,认为F-b法可作为预测塔里木油田水平井含水率、估算可采储量的一种有效方法。     

火山沉积岩及其矿床研究中伽马测井曲线解释的误区

根据酸性凝灰岩和酸性火山事件粘土岩的自然伽马测井曲线,对当前流传的"沉积岩层的放射性强度(或放射性核素的含量)随泥质含量的增加而增高"的概念和用自然伽马值及经验公式求泥质含量提出质凝。酸性凝灰岩的自然伽马曲线有高异常响应,若解释为泥岩显然是误解,故将沉积岩伽马曲线高异常一律解释为泥岩是片面的。各类火山事件粘土岩的伽马值相差悬殊,但其泥质含量几乎相等,用它们的伽马值计算泥质含量误差甚大。最后对铝土矿层的伽马曲线稍加解释,指出核测井应用的远景。     

鲁北平原区井灌回归系数分析

利用井灌回归系数计算回归补给水量,是地下水资源评价计算井灌回归水量的基本方法。井灌回归系数确定的合理与否,直接影响到地下水资源评价成果的合理性。以试验站的观测资料为基础,结合引水灌溉调查成果,对影响井灌回归系数大小的因素和区域分布规律进行了系统分析,依地下水埋深和灌溉方式划分引黄灌区、井河结合灌区、井灌区三种类型,分析确定鲁北平原区适用的井灌回归系数。     

三维地震属性参数在煤层厚度预测中的应用

依托“西部煤炭资源高精度三维地震勘探技术”项目工程,对晋城某矿南翼大巷东南区5m×5m×1ms的三维地震数据体,采用三维地震属性参数预测煤层厚度及其变化规律：沿3煤层、15煤层10ms时窗提取地震属性42种,根据钻孔资料,计算出煤厚与地震属性相关系数;从中优选出相关系数大于0．35的地震属性,其中3煤层9个、15煤层10个;然后进行地震属性互相关分析,优选出与3煤、15煤层厚度相关系数较大的4种属性,建立预测煤厚的BP神经网络模型,分别选取3煤层12个、15煤层4个实测数据作为学习训练和测试样本,以钻孔地震属性作为学习样本,对网络进行训练,最终获得全区煤层厚度。经与预留钻孔成果资料对比,预测精度较高,结果可用。     

Using Sequential Self-Calibration Method to Identify Conductivity Distribution: Conditioning on Tracer Test data

An iterative inverse method, the sequential self-calibration method, is developed for mapping spatial distribution of a hydraulic conductivity field by conditioning on nonreactive tracer breakthrough curves. A streamline-based, semi-analytical simulator is adopted to simulate solute transport in a heterogeneous aquifer. The simulation is used as the forward modeling step. In this study, the hydraulic conductivity is assumed to be a deterministic or random variable. Within the framework of the streamline-based simulator, the efficient semi-analytical method is used to calculate sensitivity coefficients of the solute concentration with respect to the hydraulic conductivity variation. The calculated sensitivities account for spatial correlations between the solute concentration and parameters. The performance of the inverse method is assessed by two synthetic tracer tests conducted in an aquifer with a distinct spatial pattern of heterogeneity. The study results indicate that the developed iterative inverse method is able to identify and reproduce the large-scale heterogeneity pattern of the aquifer given appropriate observation wells in these synthetic cases.     

松辽盆地宋芳屯油田扶杨油层孔隙结构及其影响因素

通过镜下观察,宋芳屯油田扶杨油层孔隙类型较多,以粒间孔为主。细管压力曲线上看,曲线较陡,分选差,孔隙结构特征参数总体上较差,与孔隙度、渗透率有一定的关系,大的孔隙对渗透率的贡献最大。扶杨油层的孔隙结构较复杂主要由于成岩作用影响,压实作用使孔隙空间显著缩小,胶结作用和自生粘土矿物生长使孔隙进一步缩小和复杂化,后期的溶蚀作用使孔隙空间增加。     

Changing grading of soil: effect on critical states

Examples of situations are presented where the grading of a soil changes during its lifetime either by crushing of particles leading to an increase of fine material or by slow transport of fine particles with seepage leading to a decrease of fine material. Such grading changes influence the basic constitutive properties of the soil, in particular properties such as critical states which are dependent on the available range of densities of packing. Discrete element modelling is used to show the dependence of critical state conditions on grading and the way in which the particle assembly seeks out new critical state conditions as the grading changes.     

Generalized ‘dependencies’ and parameter variance

The autodependence, (a special case of the — now quite obsolete — dependences, which had been introduced for very specialized astrometric purposes) is proportional to the parameter variance which is the expectation of the variance of the systematic error of a function evaluated with estimated parameters.