Annual cycle and composition of the phytoplankton in the Quempillen River Estuary,southern Chile

Phytoplankton species and abundance were studied in the Quempillen River Estuary, from August 1979 to July 1980 in addition to some important environmental factors: salinity, temperature and dissolved oxygen. In order to determine the seasonal variations in cell density and biomass of the phytoplankton in this brackish aquatic environment, phytoplankton data obtained by the Uthermöhl (1958) technique were analysed.A total of 109 phytoplankton species were identified within the samples. Throughout the year there were two periods of population maxima, September and May, and one period of high biomass, February. The phytoflagellates were always present but only dominated the flora when diatoms were extremely reduced, especially during low tide periods.     

Gradient responses of epilithic diatom communities in the Baltic Sea proper

Diatom communities and assemblages are widely used as indicators of ecological change in aquatic environments and for reconstructing palaeo-environments. Good calibration data sets, directly linking changes in diatom composition to environmental factors, are needed for building reliable gradient models with high indicative value. Such models have a broad applicability because most diatom species have cosmopolitan distributions. This paper presents community analyses of brackish-water diatoms living on submerged stones in four areas of the Baltic Sea proper along the Swedish coast. The communities on the stones were composed of epilithic, epiphytic, epipelic, epipsammic and occasionally some pelagic species. Altogether, 158 quantitative samples were taken at 41 sites between 23 April and 11 May, 1990, and the data set contained 300 diatom taxa belonging to 75 genera. Species data were analysed with principal components analysis (PCA) and environmental factors were fitted passively by multiple regression analysis on the ordination results. Differences in community composition could be explained by variation in salinity (which was correlated with N:P and Si:P ratios and the occurrence of macroalgae on the stones), nutrient concentrations and variation in exposure to wave action (which was correlated to the occurrence of soft bottoms around the stones, water temperature and the occurrence of sand grains and macroalgae on the stones). Separate analyses for small taxa (cell biovolume <1000 μm³), for large taxa (cell biovolume ≥1000 μm³) and for small and large diatom taxa together showed that diatoms of different size classes respond differently to environmental variation.     

杭州湾期间带生态学研究──Ⅱ．数量组成与分布

杭州湾潮间带生物数量比其它河口湾偏低，这与该湾粉砂质底质及强烈的水冲刷作用所导致的不稳定生境密切相关。从湾底向湾口，生物数量逐步增多，湾性分布明显；就垂直分布而言，中潮区的生物数量为最大；生物数量的季节变化明显，栖息密度以夏季为最高（４０２个／ｍ２），而生物量以秋季为最大（１８９．０３ｇ／ｍ２），数量的低值出现在冬季。生物量的季节变动受软体动物决定，而栖息密度则受软体动物、甲壳动物和多毛类三大动物类群的影响。     

山东省大中型水库浮游生物研究──Ⅲ、浮游植物与环境因子的关系

报道１９８９年山东省３０多个大中型代表水库浮游植物总生物量（ＴＢ）、微型浮游植物生物量（ｎａｎＢ）和各类主要浮游植物与８种理化因子的相关关系。结果表明，与浮游植物生物量相关的较为重要的理化因子依次是总磷（ＴＰ）、化学耗氧量（ＣＯＤ）、硬度（Ｈ）、透明度（ＳＤ）和深度（Ｚ）．总体上，ＴＰ、ＣＯＤ和Ｈ与浮游植物生物量呈正相关，而ＳＤ和Ｚ则呈负相关．各种理化因子与ＴＢ的关系和与ｎａｎＢ的趋于一致；与各主要藻类的关系主要是隐、裸藻类，其次是绿藻和硅藻与各理化因子相关性较大．重要理化因子与各主要藻类的关系也同对ＴＢ的相似，只是硅藻生物量百分比与ＳＤ呈极显著的正相关关系。     

The Ecology of Benthos in the Gulf of ThermaTkos, Greece

Abstract. Benthic samples were taken at 26 stations during a two year period (1975–1977) in the Gulf of Thermaïkos, Greece. The topography and relevant physicochemical characteristics of the area are presented and discussed. Both density and biomass increase towards the northern limits in the Bay of Thessaloniki and in the Gulf of Thermaïkos, the difference between them being the degree of change in a north-south direction. Analyses of the degree of concurrence of the dominant species show the existence of a number of groups of concurrent dominant species with characteristic distributional patterns and differing areal coverage in the study area. The observed quantitative and qualitative differences in the benthos are causally related to the differing environmental conditions prevailing in the two subareas.     

Latitudinal effect on the growth dynamics of harvested stands of Typha: A modeling approach

A model was developed for Typha, to examine the effects of latitudinal changes in temperature and radiation on the partitioning of total biomass during the growing season into rhizomes, roots, flowering and vegetative shoots, and inflorescences.Regardless of initial rhizome biomass, both above and belowground biomasses converge on a equilibrium value, with the balance between total production and metabolic loss being latitude-specific. If aboveground biomass is harvested just once, then both above and belowground biomasses return to equilibrium values after several years. If the aboveground biomass is harvested annually, then both above and belowground biomasses converge on smaller equilibrium values, which are determined by the balance between the sum of production prior to harvesting and after harvesting, and the sum of annual metabolic losses and a loss due to harvesting.The model could be used in wetland management activities to predict the potential growth of Typha in given conditions as well as the responses of Typha stands to harvesting over a wide range of latitudes for times ranging from a season to several years.