江苏省测震台网井下地震计方位角检测

为获取江苏省测震台网井下地震计精确方位角,架设地面参考地震计,将其精确指北,并与井下地震计检测结果进行对比,利用相关分析法计算22个深井台站精度较高的方位角。研究结果表明,受多因素制约,井下地震计检测结果普遍偏差较大,部分台站水平向分量几乎反向,如提井,需重新进行方位角检测;地面与井下地震计同频带有利于提高相关性,从而获取高精度检测结果;利用不同频带地震计进行井下地震计方位角检测时,对较宽频带地震计进行仿真处理尤为重要;溧阳2台站新建井下地震计检测结果表明相关分析法可应用于井下地震计方位角检测;尽可能选择台基噪声功率谱密度曲线具有明显波峰频段作为滤波频段,有利于提高地面与井下地震计观测数据相关性,提高方位角检测精度。     

云南洱源县溪灯坪金矿V1号矿体探采对比

通过对云南洱源县溪灯坪金矿V₁号矿体探与采情况的对比,得出矿体探采面积重合率、块段厚度、矿石品位、矿石量和金属量相对误差分别为84.51%、-1.56%~8.89%、-8.16%、11.96%和9.59%。数据显示V₁矿体探与采数据存在一定的误差,但总体误差较小,表明V矿体勘查成果基本能满足矿山建设开发的需要。     

基于经验低秩表示的自适应多次波减去方法

多次波压制一直是海洋地震数据处理的研究重点,SRME（surface-related multiple elimination）方法通过多次波预测、自适应减去两个步骤实现多次波压制,具有压制精度高、模型依赖度低等优点,是工业界广泛采用的方法。但是常规减去方法在一次波、多次波交叉位置易出现一次波损伤、多次波残留等现象,进而增加后续地震处理、解释的难度。本文在前人研究的基础上,提出了基于经验低秩表示的自适应多次波减去方法。首先,采用经验低秩表示方法,将地震数据自适应地分解为信噪比高、倾角单一、同相轴相位圆滑的低秩倾角分量,简化地震数据倾角成分的复杂程度,以优化低秩表示过程中局部窗口的参数选择问题;然后,在不同低秩倾角分量中分别采用基于能量最小原则的匹配减去方法,避免匹配过程出现同相轴交叉,并重构各分量,在保证计算效率的前提下提升多次波压制效果。针对理论数据和实际数据进行了有效性测试,本文方法在多次波压制结果和保幅性两方面优于传统方法,并采用抗噪性测试证明了该方法的鲁棒性。     

节点相似度辅助下的线要素匹配方法设计

同名要素匹配是空间数据集成、更新和融合的关键技术。针对要素匹配中不同尺度数据构成差异但拓扑结构相似的问题,本文提出一种基于节点相似度的线要素匹配方法。该方法以线要素节点为主要特征,选取了方向、距离等相似性度量指标,并构建了拓扑、方向和距离三类约束,在此基础上,设计了一种基于拓扑关系和空间位置的匹配模型,实现了线要素特征点的相似性匹配。采用大规模道路网进行试验,试验结果表明,该方法切实可行,能够有效解决复杂线要素匹配问题。     

结合相似块匹配及线性最小均方误差滤波器的全极化雷达影像去噪

针对全极化合成孔径雷达Pol SAR(Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar)影像相干斑噪声严重的问题,提出了一种结合相似块匹配和线性最小均方误差原理的去噪方法。该方法首先在原始影像上实现相似块组的匹配,进而利用线性最小均方误差滤波器对影像块组进行滤波得到初始去噪结果;然后,同时利用原始影像和初始去噪影像的信息进行相似块组的重新匹配,并再次利用线性最小均方误差原理对重匹配影像块进行去噪,得到影像最终的去噪结果。利用模拟的Pol SAR影像和高分三号卫星Pol SAR影像进行了算法效果的验证。结果表明,去噪算法在显著抑制影像噪声水平的同时,也能较好地保持影像的边缘和极化特性等细节信息。     

Influence of rock property correlation on reliability analysis of rock slope stability: From property characterization to reliability analysis

Cohesion(c) and friction angle(φ) of rock are important parameters required for reliability analysis of rock slope stability. There is correlation between c and φ which affects results of reliability analysis of rock slope stability. However, the characterization of joint probability distribution of c and φ through which their correlation can be estimated requires a large amount of rock property data, which are often not available for most rock engineering projects. As a result, the correlation between c and φ is often ignored or simply assumed during reliability studies, which may lead to bias estimation of failure probability. In probabilistic rock slope stability analysis, the influence of ignoring or simply assuming the correlation of the rock strength parameters(i.e., c and φ) on the reliability of rock slopes has not been fully investigated. In this study, a Bayesian approach is developed to characterize the correlation between c and φ, and an expanded reliability-based design(RBD) approach is developed to assess the influence of correlation between c and φ on reliability of a rock slope. The Bayesian approach characterizes the sitespecific joint probability distribution of c and φ, and quantifies the correlation between c and φ using available limited data pairs of c and φ from a rock project. The expanded RBD approach uses the joint probability distribution of c and φ obtained through the Bayesian approach as inputs, to determine the reliability of a rock slope. The approach gives insight into the propagation of the correlation between c and φ through their joint probability into the reliability analysis, and their influence on the calculated reliability of the rock slope. The approaches may be applied in practice with little additional effort from a conventional analysis. The proposed approaches are illustrated using real c and φ data pairs obtained from laboratory tests of fractured rock at Forsmark, Sweden.     

An improved probabilistic relaxation method for matching multi-scale road networks

Matching multi-scale road networks in the same area is the first step in merging two road networks or updating one based upon the other. The quality of the merge or update depends greatly on the matching accuracy of the two road networks. We propose an improved probabilistic relaxation method, considering both local and global optimizations for matching multi-scale of road networks. The aim is to achieve local optimization, as well as to address the identification of the M:N matching pattern by means of inserting virtual nodes to achieve global optimization effects. Then, by adding two attribute-related evaluation indicators, we developed four evaluation indicators to evaluate the matching accuracy, considering both geographic and attribute information. This paper also provides instructions on how to identify the proper buffer threshold during matching procedures. Extensive experiments were conducted to compare the proposed method with the traditional approach. The results indicate that: (1) the overall matching accuracy of each evaluation indicator exceeds 90%; (2) the overall matching accuracy increases by 6–12% after an M:N matching pattern is added, and by 4–6% following the addition of topology indicators; and (3) the proper buffer threshold is about twice the average value of the closest distance from all nodes.     

基于资源三号卫星影像的无控大范围数字表面模型快速制作

作为重要的地理信息,数字表面模型具有非常广泛的应用前景,我国成功发射的资源三号卫星,不但填补了立体卫星测绘的空白,而且能够得到高分辨率的卫星遥感影像。本文基于资源三号卫星影像,简要介绍了无控大范围数字表面模型快速制作流程,并以此得到典型地区三维影像图,为数字表面模型在各行业的应用及发展提供重要支持。     

一种利用格网叠置分析的居民地形状匹配方法

形状是居民地要素最基本的几何特征之一,也是居民地匹配的重要依据。针对现有居民地形状度量方法无法度量非1∶1对应情况形状相似性的问题,首先对待度量居民地实体(群)组合进行方向、位置、大小一致化处理;然后借鉴规则格网索引的思想,对组合建立适合的规则格网并赋予网眼不同的重要性系数;再分析待度量实体(群)内部、边界之间在格网中叠置情况差异性,将其作为两实体(群)的形状差异性,最终获得形状相似性值。将形状相似性与空间位置、面积的相似性通过加权平均获得综合相似性值,作为居民地匹配的依据。利用该形状匹配方法对居民地实体进行匹配实验表明,文中所提方法能够有效进行居民地实体的匹配。     

一种引入 RANSAC 算法的匹配点云规则化方法

针对影像匹配点云的大数据量和分布不规则化问题,本文提出了一种基于平均模型的RANSAC规则化方法。该方法首先对匹配点云进行格网化,然后以格网为基本单位,利用RANSAC方法重复随机抽取多个样本,根据高程平均模型和设定的判断条件得到最终一致集,最后基于该子集利用平均模型和最邻近原则完成该格网的规则化。对比实验证明,本文方法在保证数据精度的同时,大大提高了数据的简化度和可靠性。