多重信息多重判据自适应影象匹配

摄影测量影象匹配(相关)是计算机视觉(机器视觉)的一个重要方面。目前影象匹配的各种算法只限于采用局部影象灰度和单一判据,这是造成匹配结果不可靠的重要原因。本文引入信息理论,对影响匹配可靠性的诸因素进行了定量分析,在此基础上结合人类视觉理论研完成果及摄影测量立体观测的经验,提出了多重信息多重判据影象匹配的理论,并阐述了采用影象结构信息辅助局部灰度和自适应控制措施予以具体实现的方法。     

非地形要素与DTM叠加的方法初探

本文在区域数字地形模型(DTM)的基础上,引入多边形覆盖的概念,研究了由数字化仪从地图上获取的各种非地形信息的矢量数据到DTM规则阵列的网格数据的转换,提供了从转换到求交、配准、叠加的系列算法设计,从而实现了由DTM提供的地形要素与多边形的非地形要素间的匹配覆盖。     

控制网中观测元素作用的分析

本文阐述测量控制网中观测元素作用分析的理论,通过有关的四个数字指标对此进行了多个网例的定量分析,讨论了观测元素的作用与网形、与观测精度匹配等的关系。文中还给出了必要观测分量的几何意义。     

Recognition of environmentally caused variations in radon time series

Four techniques (pattern recognition, Fourier transformation, cross-correlation, and multiple linear regression) have been used to recognize nontectonic environmental factors affecting groundwater radon data collected by the Caltech automated geochemical network. Several factors, including air temperature, rainfall, water level, carbon dioxide concentration in the water, and barometric pressure, were found to correlate with radon level at some stations in the network. For example, approximately 60% of the variance in radon signal at one site studied (Pacoima) could be accounted for by nontectonic influences. However, it was not possible to correlate all the observed changes in radon concentration with nontectonic environmental variables. Some of the observed radon anomalies did appear to be related to either regional changes in tectonic strain or some individual earthquakes. A model is developed to account for spike-like increases in radon caused by carbon dioxide emission.     

基于小面元的多源遥感影像高精度配准方法

基于几种高精度的匹配方法，引入了小面元微分纠正的思想，设计出一种高精度影像相对配准方法。实验结果表明，该方法对多种遥感影像有很强的适应性，相对配准精度高，尤其适用于变形明显或山区多源影像间的高精度配准。     

ROOF BOUNDARY EXTRACTION USING MULTIPLE IMAGES

Urban area building extraction is one of the most challenging problems in photogrammetry. Well-extracted buildings are needed for a variety of applications, such as cartography, building GIS databases for cities, and urban planning. This paper presents a new technique to extract 3D building wire-frames using a robust multi-image line-matching algorithm. Although one pair of images is adequate to find the 3D position of two visibly corresponding image features, it is not sufficient to solve the general building extraction problem due to obscured parts in the building. Four images are used in this research to extract the building wire-frames. First the images are segmented into regions. Regions are then classified into roof regions and non-roof regions based on their size, shape, and intensity values. The roof region boundary pixels are located and used to find the region perimeters. Region correspondence is solved in a pair-wise mode over all images using the epipolar constraint, region size, region shape, and region intensity values. Image lines within the corresponding regions are matched over all images simultaneously by first creating a plane for each region line. Planes are then intersected simultaneously and geometric consistency is used to determine acceptance or rejection. Results with high overlap and sidelap aerial images are presented and evaluated. The results show the completeness and accuracy that this method can provide for extracting complex urban buildings. The average coordinate accuracy is about 0·8 m using 1:4000 scale aerial photographs scanned at 30 μ m. Six buildings were examined; the line detection rate is 98%.     

Automatic Change Detection for Road Networks from Images Based on GIS

Up to now, detailed strategies and algorithms of automatic change detection for road networks based on GIS have not been discussed. This paper discusses two different strategies of automatic change detection for images with low resolution and high resolution using old GIS data, and presents a buffer detection and tracing algorithm for detecting road from low-resolution images and a new profile tracing algorithm for detecting road from high-resolution images. For feature-level change detection (FL-CD), a so-called buffer detection algorithm is proposed to detect changes of features. Some ideas and algorithms of using GIS prior information and some context information such as substructures of road in high-resolution images to assist road detection and extraction are described in detail.     

航空影像特征匹配研究

基于格网和三角网的优点 ,提出了一种基于特征的影像松弛匹配方法。算法利用边缘提取算子提取影像特征信息 ,把提取的边缘特征点分配到预定的规则格网中进行登记 ,同时构建特征三角网     

基于影像模拟的SAR几何校正准自动方法

合成孔径雷达影像的几何校正是许多微波遥感应用中必须解决的问题，当无法获得准确的轨道数据时，这个问题变得非常困难。本文提出了利用合成孔径雷达模拟影像进行准确的几何校正的原理及方法，并以RADARSAT SAR影像进行了实验。该方法利用不准确的轨道数据及数字高程模型生成模拟的SAR影像，用影像匹配的方法自动获取模拟影像与真实影像之间同名点的坐标差值，而这个差值信息正好提供了对不准确轨道数据的控制。本方法无须地面控制点，并基本上可以自动进行，是解决目前SAR几何校正问题的有效方法。