南苏丹Melut盆地Palogue油田古近系Yabus组河型演化规律及主控因素分析*

针对南苏丹Melut盆地Palogue油田Yabus组独特的辫状河—曲流河沉积体系,利用定量统计和成因动态分析方法,通过引入“微相砂体密度”变量,深入总结了辫状河和曲流河不同的垂向岩相序列,从空间演化角度详细阐述了辫状河和曲流河的差异沉积过程及其河型转化规律,建立了同一物源体系下不同阶段河型转化的沉积模式,并明确了河型转化的主控因素。研究表明: Yabus组河流沉积体系先后经历了3个演化阶段。早期辫状河形成阶段,沉积物顺流加积形成垂向沙坝;中期辫—曲交汇沉积阶段,河流下切作用明显减弱,河流沉积作用转变为侧向加积,在辫状河道中形成斜列砂坝,且辫流坝开始向河道边部迁移形成曲流河点坝;晚期曲流河发育阶段,河道弯度大且砂体沉积规模小。     

Transformation of a wave energy spectrum from encounter to absolute domain when observing from an advancing ship

The article presents a practical approach to transform a wave energy spectrum from encounter domain to absolute domain. This problem has its specific relevance, when shipboard sea state estimation is conducted by the wave buoy analogy; notably for some particular implementation solving for the sea state directly in the encounter domain. In this context, the encounter domain is that observed from a ship when it advances in a seaway, whereas the absolute domain is that corresponding to making observations from a fixed point in the inertial frame. Spectrum transformation can be uniquely carried out if the ship sails “against” the waves (beam to head sea) but in following sea conditions there exists no unique solution to the problem. Instead, a reasonable approach valid for practical engineering must be applied, and the article outlines one viable solution that can be used to transform a wave spectrum from encounter to absolute domain. Specifically, two pseudo algorithms are presented, and good performance is achieved with both algorithms when they are tested at different operational scenarios.     

柴达木路乐河地区新生代碎屑组分变化及其对构造隆升的指示

碎屑组分变化是反映盆地物源演化历程的重要物质表现。路乐河地区作为柴达木盆地的重要组成部分,沉积地层记载着印度-欧亚板块碰撞以来青藏高原北缘造山带的构造隆升过程。高长石组分含量、物源方向及毗邻山脉岩性对比揭示,路乐河物源主要受南祁连和赛什腾山控制,其碎屑组分变化对毗邻造山带构造活动具有很好的耦合性。新生代53.5~2.9Ma期间,路乐河地区存在3次物源转换事件,发生时间依次同印度-欧亚板块碰撞及高原内部构造隆升事件相吻合。其中早期50.1~46.6Ma,南祁连山的快速抬升是对大陆初始碰撞的远程响应;44.5Ma,高原以垂向增生和推覆构造发育为特点,赛北断裂高速剥露,致使路乐河地区物源发生转变;渐新世末期(22.6Ma),青藏高原准同时整体隆升,赛什腾山和南祁连山协同为路乐河地区供给沉积物。所获认识为深入了解高原隆升演化和板块碰撞远程效应提供新的沉积依据。     

大旋转角空间直角坐标转换改进模型研究

针对大旋转角三维坐标转换模型法方程系数阵病态的问题,提出中心化和自适应缩放相结合的改进模型。结合算例分析,验证了该模型能显著改善法方程系数矩阵病态性,转换参数结果稳定可靠,优于现有模型。     

基于对偶四元数的三维空间坐标转换直接解法

利用对偶四元数能同时描述旋转矩阵和平移向量的优势,提出一种适用于大角度的三维空间坐标转换参数求解模型。该模型解决了传统算法不适用于大旋角的问题,可以直接解算坐标转换参数,且无需迭代初始值。通过模拟数据进行仿真实验表明,该方法无需线性化,计算简便,验证了该方法的正确性与有效性。     

地理国情监测与事业转型升级

地理国情监测是测绘地理信息部门履行职责、服务经济社会发展和生态文明建设的一项新的重要任务。近年来,党中央、国务院高度重视地理国情监测工作,作出了一系列重大决策部署,推动地理国情监测工作取得明显进展,地理国情监测服务经济社会发展和生态文明建设的巨大价值和重要作用凸显。地理国情监测已成为测绘地理信息服务国家改革发展大局的主攻方向、测绘地理信息领域供给侧结构性改革的关键突破口、推进测绘地理信息事业转型升级的重要途径。     

GNSS对流层延迟推算可降水量的季节转换模型研究

利用台湾桃园（TWTF）站气象数据和对流层延迟数据开展可降水量和对流层延迟序列的相关性分析,显示两者存在显著正相关特性。利用回归分析建立季节和全年转换模型,并利用各季节降水和无降水期间的数据对模型进行检验。结果显示,各季节GNSS可降水量与线性回归可降水量的RMS值小于1.5 mm,最大误差不超过3.3 mm,满足GNSS气象学的基本要求。     

一种顾及异常控制点的坐标转换方法

坐标转换中如果有异常控制点参与转换参数的求解,会导致转换参数的可靠性差,最终使得转换精度降低。为了有效抵抗异常控制点对坐标转换的影响,在最小二乘中融入了异常点搜索算法,搜索完成后自动生成定位矩阵,通过定位矩阵直接求得经过异常值修正后的转换参数。实验结果表明,该方法对中小异常值的定位和估值较为有效,转换残差显著减小,修正后的控制点保证数量和空间分布不变,对转换精度有益。     

Economic transformation capacities and developmental countermeasures of coal-resource-based counties of China

In China,the economic systems of many small-scale resource-based regions are confronted with realizing sustainable development through economic transformation. This paper,taking 37 coal-resource-based counties in China as objects,evaluates the economic transformation capacities of the counties by principal component analysis (PCA). Based on the comprehensive principal component values of 1,0–1 and 0,the economic transformation capacities of the counties are classified into strong,common and weak grades. Then,the paper proposes the developmental countermeasures according to different transformation capacities. For the counties with strong transformation capacities,it is crucial to make scientific positioning and rationally exploite resources in view of the developing characteristics and modes of those counties; as for the counties with common transformation capacities,the preparation and perfection of basic transformation conditions are still important aspects; as for the counties with weak transformation capacities,shifting from ″passive transfromation″ to ″active transformation″ in light of resources conditions is necessary.     

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