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161.
Like compositions in general, regionalized compositions present the problem of spurious spatial correlation. To avoid this problem, this paper uses the additive-logratio transformation of regionalized compositions, following techniques introduced over the last few years for the statistical analysis of compositional data. It leads to an appropriate definition of a spatial covariance structure to describe spatial dependence between regionalized variables subject to constant-sum constraints in the case of weak stationarity. To illustrate stated problems, simulated data are used. 相似文献
162.
基于ACAD的新型地图符号系统 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
分析了地图符号和ACAD的特点,设计一套比较完善的、开放的、可扩充的、易于调用且可变比例的地图符号系统NMSS。本文分地图骨架、点、线、面符、注记和曲线光滑6个方面介绍这一系统。 相似文献
163.
用尺度分离的方法,对1994年7月华北一次暴雨过程中雨区内的能量制造和转换进行了计算,目的在于揭示暴雨前后不同的能量制造和转换特征。 相似文献
164.
图形编辑工具在地图数据库系统,地理信息系统和地理信息的自动综合系统的系统构成上一直是个非常重要的部分,文中着重讨论在WINDOWS95下坐标变换,窗口缩放,图形漫等图形编辑的支撑功能的实现。 相似文献
165.
Inadequate theoretical conceptualization of person/environment relations has characterized behavioral geography as an eclectic and incoherent subfield. Past work has failed to appreciate the person/environment unity as an entity of change. A transactional/transformational perspective is adopted in this paper as a basis for understanding the relationships between the dynamics of human behavior and the dynamics of the environment. Two conceptual models are developed which provide bases for understanding (i) different modes of person/environment transformation, and (ii) human behavior as it mediates change. The potential relevance of a transactional perspective for empirical research in behavioral geography is noted. 相似文献
166.
Noel Cressie 《Mathematical Geology》1985,17(7):693-702
The relative variogram has been employed as a tool for correcting a simple kind of nonstationarity, namely that in which local variance is proportional to local mean squared. In the past, this has been linked in a vague way to the lognormal distribution, although if {Zt; t D}is strongly stationary and normal over a domain D,then clearly {exp (Zt); t D}will stillbe stationary, but lognormal. The appropriate link is made in this article through a universal transformation principle. More general situations are considered, leading to the use of a scaled variogram. 相似文献
167.
Cearreta A Irabien MJ Leorri E Yusta I Quintanilla A Zabaleta A 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,44(6):487-503
The distribution and abundance of benthic foraminifera and a range of elements have been analysed in six long cores (up to 10 m long) from the Bilbao estuary, N. Spain, to document environmental transformation of this estuarine ecosystem and to determine sediment contamination levels. Three different environmental zones could be distinguished in the recent sedimentary record based on its microfaunal and geochemical contents. Initially, a pre-industrial zone containing very abundant and diverse foraminiferal assemblages together with baseline metal levels. Secondly, an older industrial zone exhibiting co-existence of abundant and diverse foraminiferal assemblages with high concentrations of metals. Finally, a younger industrial zone with extreme concentrations of metals and barren of indigenous foraminifera. This environmental transformation has been caused by the discharge of untreated domestic and industrial effluents during the last 150 years. The occurrence of foraminifera in the two industrial zones and along the estuary is not related to defined levels of metals, and this seems to confirm oxygen limitation as the key factor to explain complete estuarine defaunation during deposition of the younger industrial zone (period 1950-2000). Effectiveness of current regeneration schemes could be assessed using microfaunal and geochemical proxies as environmental quality indicators. 相似文献
168.
H. Lemmens M. Czank G. Van Tendeloo S. Amelinckx 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2000,27(6):386-397
Using minimum exposure techniques, it is feasible to perform high resolution electron microscopy on the α-cristobalite phase
of (Si0.9 Ge0.1)O2, which is extremely radiation sensitive. Such images reveal atomic scale information of twins and tridymite-like stacking
faults on (1 1 1)β planes, as well as of domain boundaries resulting from the β→α transition. Polytype structures are formed in certain cases.
Morphological features suggest that the phase transformation cristobalite → tridymite proceeds by means of a zonal dislocation
mediated synchro-shear process on (1 1 1)β planes; the geometry of this process is analyzed.
Received: 13 June 1999 / Accepted: 30 October 1999 相似文献
169.
The diffusive wave equation with inhomogeneous terms representing hydraulics with uniform or concentrated lateral inflow into a river is theoretically investigated in the current paper. All the solutions have been systematically expressed in a unified form in terms of response function or so called K-function. The integration of K-function obtained by using Laplace transform becomes S-function, which is examined in detail to improve the understanding of flood routing characters. The backwater effects usually resulting in the discharge reductions and water surface elevations upstream due to both the downstream boundary and lateral inflow are analyzed. With a pulse discharge in upstream boundary inflow, downstream boundary outflow and lateral inflow respectively, hydrographs of a channel are routed by using the S-functions. Moreover, the comparisons of hydrographs in infinite, semi-infinite and finite channels are pursued to exhibit the different backwater effects due to a concentrated lateral inflow for various channel types. 相似文献
170.