面向LiDAR/Radar松组合的迭代加权IEKF-BP组合算法精度分析

为了验证目前高精度定位中多传感器组合定位模型性能的优越性,以更好地解决自动驾驶场景下自主定位中出现的预测精度标准不一致、预测不及时及误预测率高等问题,本文利用LiDAR与Radar数据,建立了一种基于迭代加权的IEKF-BP组合算法的松组合模型,并对两种传感器组合定位结果精度进行了分析.试验表明,迭代加权的IEKF-B...     

沁水盆地南部潘庄区块废弃矿井煤层气地球化学特征及成因

为了研究废弃矿井中煤层气成因,以沁水盆地南部潘庄区块废弃矿井为例,抽采废弃矿井中煤层气并进行化学组分和同位素测试,并采集部分废弃矿井水样品测试水中离子浓度、pH值等进行研究。结果表明：潘庄区块废弃矿井中煤层气CH₄体积分数平均值为91.99%,CO₂为1.26%,N₂为6.73%;甲烷碳同位素（δ¹³C₁）值为-31.36‰~-33.53‰,平均-32.25‰,氢同位素（δD）值为-182.76‰~-193.20‰,平均-187.538‰。废弃矿井排采水中阴阳离子主要为Mg²⁺、K⁺、HCO₃^-、Cl^-、Na⁺、SO₄^2-和NO₃^-等,产出水型为Mg-（HCO₃）₂型,表明矿井水受到地表水的强烈影响。废弃矿井中煤层气主要以热成因气为主,少量次生生物气。与附近未开采煤储层相比,研究区废弃矿井中的环境更有利于次生生物气的生成。     

黔东地区变质核杂岩构造及其控矿作用

黔东地区的变质核杂岩构造其变质核杂岩为中元古界四堡群、梵净山群变质基底,其主滑脱面发育于新元古界底部的甲路组,同时在下江群、板溪群中出现一系列次级滑脱面,在其上的早古生代地层中则发育伸展剥离正断层系统。该类型构造形成于加里东期末,是该区加里东造山期后隆升背景的产物。变质核杂岩构造与该地区的金、铜、铅、锌、锑及汞等矿产关系十分密切,它们分别受控于主滑脱带、次级滑脱带及伸展剥离正断层系统,且在剖面上矿物组合、成矿温度出现有规律变化,反映出该地区金及多金属矿产是受控于变质核杂岩构造的一个完整的、相互有机联系的成矿系统。     

内蒙古萤石矿资源开发利用动态分析与建议

萤石是一种稀缺性战略资源。内蒙古萤石资源丰富,保有资源储量稳定。分析了内蒙古萤石资源储量动态、开发利用动态以及市场需求和发展动态,提出了加强萤石矿地质勘查工作,优化管理、节约资源,加快企业进步、抬升综合效益,改善下游消费结构、实现资源整体升值的未来发展建议。     

Constraints of Mantle and Crustal Sources Interaction during Orogenesis of Pre- and Post-collision Granitoids from the Northern Arabian-Nubian Shield: A Case Study from Wadi El-Akhder Granitoids,Southern Sinai,Egypt

The Egyptian older and younger granitic rocks emplaced during pre- and post-collision stages of Neoproterozoic Pan-African orogeny, respectively, are widely distributed in the southern Sinai Peninsula, constituting 70% of the basement outcrops. The Wadi El-Akhder, southwestern Sinai, is a mountainous terrain exposing two granitoid suites, namely the Wadi El-Akhder Older Granites (AOG) and the Homra Younger Granites (HYG). The AOG (granodiorites with subordinate tonalite compositions) have geochemical characteristics of medium-K calc-alkaline, metaluminous to mildly peraluminous granitoids formed in an island-arc environment, which are conformable with well-known Egyptian older granitoids rocks, whereas the HYG display calc-alkaline to slightly alkaline nature, peraluminous syeno-, monzogranites and alkali feldspar granites matching well those of the Egyptian younger granites. With respect to the AOG granitoids, the HYG granites contain lower Al2O3, FeO*, MgO, MnO, CaO, TiO2, Sr, Ba, and V, but higher Na2O, K2O, Nb, Zr, Th, and Rb. The AOG are generally characterized by enrichment in LILE and LREE and depletion in HFSE relative to N-MORB values (e.g., negative Nb and Ta anomalies). The geochemical features of the AOG follow assimilation-fractional crystallization (AFC) trends indicative of extensive crustal contamination of magma derived from a mantle source. The chemical characteristics of the AOG are remarkably similar to those of subduction-related granitoids from the Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS). The compositional variations from monzogranites through syenogranites to alkali feldspar granite within HYG could not be explained by fractional crystallization solely. Correlating the whole-rock composition of the HYG to melts generated by experimental dehydration melting of meta-sedimentary and magmatic rocks reveals that they appear to be derived by extended melting of psammitic and pelitic metasediments, which is similar to the most of younger granitic suites in the ANS.     

Contrasting water–rock interaction behaviors of antimony and arsenic in contaminated rivers around an antimony mine,Hunan Province,China

Although antimony (Sb) and arsenic (As) exhibit similar geochemical behavior and toxicity in the environment, growing evidence suggests that their water–rock interaction behavior in contaminated rivers is quite different. Twenty-nine river water samples were collected between September and November 2018 from contaminated rivers around an antimony mine in Hunan Province, China. The concentrations of As and Sb were inversely proportional to the water flow distance. The rates and magnitudes of Sb decrease were more prominent than those of As. Silicate mineral dissolution from rocks such as silicified limestone increased the As and Sb concentration of in-mine-district (IMD) water. Dissolution of carbonate minerals, ion exchange, and competitive adsorption were the major water–rock interactions, resulting in rapidly decreasing As and Sb concentration in IMD direct impacted water and IMD indirect impacted water. The behaviors of As and Sb during water–rock interaction were dissimilar for areas dominated by carbonate and silicate minerals.     

青藏高原积雪异常与贵州东、西部旱、寒灾害关系的初步分析

利用 195 8— 1992年的有关资料 ,对青藏高原冬、春季积雪异常与贵州春、夏季不同区域干旱和低温灾害的强弱关系进行了统计分析。结果发现 :青藏高原冬、春季积雪异常与贵州春、夏季不同区域干旱和低温灾害的强弱间存在明显的相关关系 ,高原异常多雪年贵州西部 4月春旱偏重 ;东部夏旱偏重 ,春季低温灾害偏轻。反之 ,高原异常少雪年贵州西部春旱和东部夏旱都偏轻 ,春季低温灾害偏重。     

关于梅雨研究的回顾与展望

从梅雨的划分、梅雨的降水分型、梅雨与季风的关系及梅雨的影响因子几个方面,对前人的研究成果进行了回顾和讨论。最后,提出梅雨研究仍需解决的问题：（1）江淮流域梅雨季节的开始至今仍没有一个客观统一划定标准;（2）南海季风、印度季风等季风子系统对梅雨的影响大小及其机制尚需进一步研究讨论;（3）应针对梅雨季节内江淮流域不同的降水分布型,寻找其前期预兆信号进行深入研究;（4）应特别注意特定海温分布型对梅雨的影响,并从中找出影响梅雨的关键区域和影响的关键时段;（5）积冰和雪盖与梅雨异常的关系仍需进一步求证,影响机制还需进一步探索。     

环莫干山民宿的时空分布特征与成因

民宿是中国乡村振兴和旅游转型升级过程中涌现出的新兴业态和空间利用方式,但学术关注滞后。环莫干山地区是目前中国最典型的民宿发展集聚区之一。本研究通过官方统计资料和实地调研获取环莫干山民宿空间发展数据,构建了ArcGIS和地理探测器结合的民宿空间过程分析方法,基于目的地的微观尺度系统地探讨环莫干山民宿时空分布特征和成因。研究发现：① 2011—2017年环莫干山民宿呈现出逐年增长的态势,空间分布范围不断扩大,空间发展方向出现较大变化,逐渐趋向镇域均衡性发展。目前已经在莫干山风景区毗邻村域形成以“后坞-仙潭-燎原-劳岭-兰树坑”为中心的环莫干山面状核心集聚区和边缘村域多点集聚的民宿空间发展结构。不同档次民宿的时空发展趋势具有一定差异。② 环莫干山民宿的空间过程由集聚到强烈集聚,不同档次民宿的集聚程度均呈现出快速提升的趋势。空间发展过程中早期民宿集聚点扩散效应显著。空间集聚过程与地形地势、核心风景区、交通干线和居民点密切相关。③ 风景景观、发展基础、社会因素和区位因素是环莫干山民宿景观格局异质性的重要决定因素维度,但不同等级民宿的空间决定因素维度和指标差异性显著,两因素维度交互作用对于民宿的空间影响力更为显著。研究对于丰富接待业空间选址的类型研究,总结中国典型民宿集聚区空间发展模式具有重要理论意义,同时对于民宿产业选址和民宿集聚区规划实践具有一定现实意义。     

南方低山丘陵地区汛期短时强降水特征分析

研究汛期短时强降水特征,对于南方低山丘陵地区山洪灾害的预报具有重要指导意义。以怀化市为研究区域,基于该区域11个国家站和403个区域自动气象站的2012-2017年4-9月期间逐小时降水量以及相对应的NCEP资料,分析了怀化市短时强降水的时空分布特征,得出了产生短时强降水天气系统模型,结果显示：①汛期短时强降水发生频率较高,时间集中,分布不均。主要出现在5～7月,占4～9月的72.9%,其次在8～9月;北部频数多,中南部少,西部最少,辰溪、麻阳和怀化三县交界处及沅陵县的大合坪附近是频发区域。②短时强降水日变化呈单峰型,4～10时最容易发生,峰值在8时,谷值在23时。③强度越强出现的频次越少;北部的强度和次数大于其它区域;50～79.9 mm/h,占总站数的68.4%;各月国家站的极值乘以2约等于区域站极值。④低涡型短时强降水出现概率最高,低涡位置和移动路径是短时强降水预报的关键点。