ARC-SPLINE AND ARCLET PROCESSING

This paper presents a new spline called arc spline.It takes two arcsconnecting adjacent points among a sampled series,with known tangental of eachsampled point.The calculation for the parallel.the curve length and the segment-ing point coordinates are simple,thus making map symbol generation simplified.When "arclet" occurs,some special processing must be taken.     

“地图学”双语教学模式探索与实践

"地图学"是地理信息科学专业本科生的一门专业必修基础课程,具有多学科集成、渗透性强、应用范围广、理论与技术并重等特点,在整个课程体系中占有非常重要的地位。基于该课程开展双语教学,能够加快学生教育与国际接轨,培养具有国际竞争力的优秀高层次人才。文中立足于河南理工大学省级双语示范课程——"地图学"的教学实践,阐述该课程实施双语教学的理念与目标、课程内容与安排、教学方法与手段、课程考核方式改革及教学效果,旨在为同行提供借鉴与参考。     

基于地图感受论的电子地图颜色设计模型的研究

针对在对电子地图的元素配色时遇到的配色效率低下的问题,本文基于地图感受论和电子地图的特点,提出了电子地图的颜色设计模型,该模型用于电子地图中颜色设计的一般过程,能够大大地提高颜色设计的效率。并利用该模型,探索了分层设色地图中海洋深度表的设计规律,可以帮助提高颜色设计效率和设计质量。     

Study and Cartography of the Benthic Communities of Medes Islands (NE Spain)

Abstract. A bionomic study and cartography of the benthos of Medes Islands (NE Spanish coast, Catalan Costa Brava) is presented. From 1977 to 1980 the fauna and flora of the meso- and macrobenthos were sampled by a triple sampling procedure: standard, visual and photographic samples were simultaneously taken along underwater transects, yielding 124 punctual inventories, 176 visual inventories and some 1000 photographic "samples". These, together with the floristic and faunistic study of each algal and invertebrate group, served as the basis for the bionomic survey of the islands' bottoms. In a first approach, the hard substrata of the infra- and circalittoral Stages were studied, along with the Posidonia meadows, and their communities diagrammatically sketched along representative transects. Further work focused on the submarine caves and tunnels of the area, the supra- and mediolittoral communities and the coastal detritic soft bottoms. The bionomic survey of the Medes Islands has emphasized, with minor differences, the basic similarity between the archipelago's benthic communities and those described elsewhere in the Northwestern Mediterranean. The identified communities or groups of communities are the trottoir, the photophilic algae, the sciaphilic algae (precoralligenous), the coralligenous and cave communities on hard substrata, as well as the Posidonia meadow and the coastal detritic community on soft substrata. These have been used as the basic macro-units in the bionomic cartography of the islands, which has been plotted on a 1:2000 map. Their distribution, over a surface area of some 2 km² and to a depth of up to 60–70 m, follows that of the heterogeneous substrate, its slope and the hydrodynamical and illumination conditions of the area.     

A method of downscaling temperature maps based on analytical hillshading for use in species distribution modelling

Climate maps have been widely used for the construction of species distribution models. These maps derive from interpolation of data collected by meteorological stations. The sparse distribution of stations generates maps with coarse spatial resolution that are unable to detect microclimates or areas that can serve as plant or animal refuges. This work proposes a method for downscaling temperature maps using the solar radiation falling upon hillsides as predictor for the influence of relief on local variability. Solar irradiance is estimated from a digital elevation model of the study area using a routine based on analytical hillshading. Some examples of downscaling from 1 km to 25 m spatial resolution are shown. The results are compared with the surface temperature maps from Landsat 8 satellite imagery.     

Research challenges and opportunities in mapping social media and Big Data

Social media and Big Data have transformed our world into interconnected cyberspace and realspace. Cartographers can now trace, monitor, and map the spread of social movements, disease outbreaks, nature hazards, and popular events by digitally collecting social media and Big Data with locational contents, such as global positioning system tags and user location profiles. The dynamic characteristics of social media and Big Data provide a great research opportunity for cartographers to map and analyze human behaviors, communications, and movements. However, there are many challenges and pitfalls in cartographic research associated with spatiotemporal analysis of social media contents and Big Data. This short paper will address important research challenges and major opportunities for cartographers to process and visualize Big Data and social media.     

省区城市化水平等级图编制研究——以四川省为例

在一般省区城市化水平等级制图中,大多采用非农业人口占总人口比重单一指标反映城市化水平。本文探讨了使用多种城市化指标因子设计编制这种地图的新的思路和方法,着重论述了城市化因子的选取和城市化水平指数模型的建立。     

二维矢量线符号在三维地形表面的贴合渲染方法

二维矢量符号是二维地图的重要组成部分。如何将二维矢量符号准确地贴合渲染在三维地形模型表面是地理信息科学的研究热点之一。针对线状矢量要素（简单线和周期线）中现有方法存在的周期线周期分布不均、渲染精度低、性能受地形模型复杂度影响大、矢量要素与地表贴合不紧密等问题,本文提出了一种基于屏幕像素进行投影反算的渲染方法,以及基于地表延伸长度的周期判断方法。该方法通过预处理计算线要素贴合在地表的真实长度,并将线要素按其实际宽度进行面域化处理;实时计算每个屏幕像素在二维矢量平面内的覆盖范围,通过该范围与矢量面域的位置关系筛选位于其内部的像素;进一步通过线的实际长度进行周期判断以确定像素色彩值。整个过程通过CPU-GPU并行异构计算模型实现,提高了场景交互性能。实验表明,本方法具有周期分布均匀、渲染精度高、贴合结果真实准确和性能不受地形模型影响等优点。     

GIS中多尺度地理数据库的研究与应用

文中首先分析了ＧＩＳ中建立多心谋理数据库的必要性,然后介绍了多尺度地理数据库的建立方法,并提出了一种混合表示法的设计、实现和更新方法,最后讨论了应用多尺度地理数据库方法建立港城市地理信息系统的实例。     

开源GIS进展及其典型应用研究

近年来,开源GIS软件取得迅猛发展,越来越多的科研机构、企业和组织开展了开源GIS软件开发和应用研究.本文首先综述了当前主流的开源GIS软件及其典型应用,讨论了开源GIS软件版权许可形式;其次,分别从模块功能、体系架构和开发使用环境等方面分析了主流开源桌面GIS软件和WebGIS的特点,并提出研发和教学方面开源GIS软件选择的建议;最后,讨论了基于GeoServer、Nasa World Wind、MapServer和SharpMap四种开源GIS软件在地图制图、3维可视化表达、网络地理信息服务和移动GIS软件等方面的典型应用实例,对开源GIS的应用和发展前景进行了展望.