Narrative Cartography: From Mapping Stories to the Narrative of Maps and Mapping

Abstract

This paper provides an overview of the multiple ways of envisioning the relationships between maps and narratives. This is approached from a map making perspective. Throughout the process of editing this special issue, we have identified two main types of relationships. Firstly, maps have been used to represent the spatio-temporal structures of stories and their relationships with places. Oral, written and audio-visual stories have been mapped extensively. They raise some common cartographic challenges, such as improving the spatial expression of time, emotions, ambiguity, connotation, as well as the mixing of personal and global scales, real and fictional places, dream and reality, joy and pain. Secondly, the potential of maps as narratives and the importance of connecting the map with the complete mapping process through narratives is addressed. Although the potential of maps to tell stories has already been widely acknowledged, we emphasize the increasing recognition of the importance of developing narratives that critically describe the cartographic process and context in which maps unfold - the core idea of post-representational cartography. Telling the story about how maps are created and how they come to life in a broad social context and in the hands of their users has become a new challenge for mapmakers.     

Placing dots in dot maps

Dot mapping is a cartographic representation method to visualise discrete absolute values and their spatial distribution. To achieve this, dots equal in size and represented value are used. According to the dot value, a certain number of dots are used to depict a data value. These dots usually form dot clusters. The data value needs to be rounded to a multiple of the dot value. It is possible to roughly determine the visualised data value by counting the dots and multiplying this number with the dot value. As there are many parameters – dot size, dot value, map scale – to consider when designing a dot map, the manual way is very complex and time consuming. This paper presents a method to automatically create a dot representation of a dot map from given statistical data that needs no cartographic expertise. The dot representation may be combined with other elements, such as a topographic background, to form a complete map. So the algorithm can easily be integrated into the map design process. The paper refines the basic approach of automated dot mapping published earlier. The dot placement and arrangement have been improved compared to the basic method.     

地名制图应用研究——以地名普查成果为例

地名凝结了区域文化及历史过程,蕴涵丰富的文化信息。如何挖掘地名文化信息是一个有趣又重要的问题。结合文本知识、专业知识、先验知识、专家知识与第二次全国地名普查成果数据,通过建立知识库及提取规则,采用数据制图、模型制图、知识制图等制图方法实现中国大陆方言地名、地名通名制图。结果表明,制图结果可以得到相关地名的空间分布范围,揭示区域地名通名的高频词汇特征,可以为区域地名管理、规划、保护与利用提供知识支撑。     

KAM tori for N-body problems: a brief history

We review analytical (rigorous) results about the existence of invariant tori for planetary many-body problems.     

现代地图学期刊回顾与发展--从地图学到地理信息系统

20世纪以来,地图学开始成为一门独立的学科,随着科学技术尤其是计算机技术的发展,地图学经历了前所未有的变革。回顾了国内外有关该研究领域的期刊出版情况和20世纪90年代以来的期刊发展,包括地图学、地理信息系统、地图史和相关测绘期刊,由此呈现出的学科发展信息,以及互联网和基于网络电子出版对现代地图学刊物的影响,特别介绍了开放式出版期刊模式的发展,并对测绘期刊的发展提出了自己的看法。     

载人潜水器在深海海洋测绘中的应用

介绍了载人潜水器的特点及其在深海海洋测绘中的重要作用,详细论述了美、法、日、俄等国的载人潜水器在深海海洋测绘中的应用现状,并对我国"蛟龙"号载人潜水器在深海海洋测绘中的应用进行了展望。     

图斑数据自动综合中面向地理特征的层结构选取

本文在信息定义和结构化选取的思想基础上,给出图斑数据地理要素的层结构的定义和建立过程,从而实现图斑数据制图概括中对象选取的模型化,降低或消除了制图概括过程中人为操作的不稳定性和主观影响,改进和提高了制图概括的效果和地图的质量。     

网络地图制图中的主要问题及其解决方案

本文介绍了网络地图制图的概念和分类,探讨了当前网络地图制图面临的主要问题,包括网络地图信息发布的结构模式、网络地图设计需要考虑的因素以及缩放的非自适应性等,根据国内外相关的研究及GML与SVG技术的最新进展给出了初步的解决方案。     

Going beyond location: Thematic maps in the early elementary grades

Abstract

Cartographic research has long suggested that preschool and early elementary children possess advanced mapping behaviors in terms of interpreting, making, and using locational and wayfinding maps. To improve instruction in geographic concepts, it is necessary to see if these advanced mapping behaviors apply to thematic or special purpose maps as well, as an understanding of these types of maps is integral to the five fundamental themes of geography. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the thematic mapping abilities of second-grade students. Students viewed maps at the neighborhood, city, and national scales displaying different types of symbolization and presented in a random order. Results indicated that the map tasks were appropriate for this age level, and a statistical test of reaction times did not identify a best symbol type or scale, as all were appropriate for this age level. Responses to discussion questions indicated the students also have the ability to describe spatial patterns. The interpretation of quantitative information on maps is within the ability level of second grade students, and materials currently used in second grade should be revised to include these maps.     

ID3决策树推理模型及其在道路网选取中的应用

介绍了自动制图综合中知识推理的研究现状及存在的问题,指出了借鉴人工智能优秀技术成果提升自动综合智能化水平是解决当前问题的重要途径之一。对ID3智能算法的基本原理进行了详细介绍,提出基于ID3决策树的知识推理模型。将该模型引入到道路网智能化选取当中。对该模型应用到道路网自动选取的合理性进行了论述,并进行了实验验证。在对实验结果进行详细分析的基础上,探讨了该算法应用于道路网选取的优势和不足,指出了进一步研究的方向。