中国测绘学科2001年进展综述

综述了 2 0 0 1年中国测绘学科的进展 ,给出了测绘学的定义及其分支学科 ,叙述了测绘学的研究内容和现代发展 ,然后按照测绘学中的大地测量、摄影测量与遥感学、地图制图与地理信息系统工程、工程测量学和海洋测绘学等五个分支学科分别给出其定义、学科特征和在 2 0 0 1年学科新进展的具体内容     

GIS,Cartography, and the “Third Culture”: Geographic Imaginations in the Computer Age*

Geographic information systems (GIS) and cartography have traditionally been regarded as fields for the study of techniques. Yet the past ten years have witnessed geographers' increasing intellectual engagement with GIS and cartography. This essay recaps the recent intellectual discourses on GIS and cartography and speculates on possible development in the near future. Geocomputation, spatially integrated social sciences, social informatics, information ecology, and humanistic GIScience are identified as five areas of intensive new research, and it is argued that creative imaginations under the milieu of the “third culture” are urgently needed to address the challenging issues in this new technological era. Whether geography will become an intellectually more vibrant discipline hinges on the extent to which we can rekindle geographic imaginations in this computer age via GIScience to address issues of great societal concern.     

农用地分等省级汇总中等别图的自动制图综合

结合湖北省农用地分等汇总项目的实践,阐述了Arc/Info环境下的农用地等别图省级汇总过程中专题要素的制图综合方案。     

数字环境下制图综合概念和方法的拓展

制图综合是地图学的一个核心和难点问题。随着GIS应用领域的拓展和地理空间信息栅格的提出，需要研究多尺度、多分辨率或不同详细程度的空间地理数据的自动生成问题，以满足GIS多层次应用与决策的需求，而这正是制图综合在数字环境下所要面对的新问题。因此，数字环境下制图综合不应该再仅仅局限于图形综合的概念，而且还应该包括基于地图数据库的数据集成、数据表达、数据分析和数据库派生的数据综合，更侧重于GIS环境下空间数据的多尺度表达以及数字信息处理的问题。     

数字环境下制图综合若干问题的探讨

分析了数字环境下制图综合的特点，探讨了有关的理论和方法，并对自动化制图综合过程中面临的一些问题提出对策。     

GIS空间数据的分析与制图一体化策略

地理信息系统(GIS)是地理学、地图学等在信息化时代发展的新的理论技术体系,其软件系统需要同时具有地理空间分析与地图表达两方面的功能。但是分析与制图对地理空间数据的要求存在一定程度的差异,导致两者间数据无法充分共享。在分析地理空间数据冲突的基础上,初步探讨了在GIS中实现分析与制图功能一体化的数据采集与应用方案,有助于避免数据的重复建设,提高地理空间数据的利用效率。     

REVIEWS OF GEOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE

Geographic Software Reviewed in this article: ATLAS AMP. CONTUR GOLDEN SOFTWARE MAPPING PACKAGE SAMP. G. Nigel Gilbert     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

AUTOMATED GEOGRAPHY

Analytical methods and computer technology for spatial analysis have advanced rapidly. Geographers can now consider a general form of automated geography which integrates all of the new techniques into an analytical whole. Computer cartography, computer graphics, digital remote sensing, geographic information systems, spatial statistics, and quantitative spatial modeling can be combined eclectically with traditional manual techniques to address geographic problems that are too large and complex for manual treatment alone. Small systems are widely available to facilitate small, less complex problems. Automation can assist in all forms of geography—scientific and humanistic, nomothetic and idiographic, basic and applied—but its adoption is likely to be highest among applied scientists. The immediate challenge is to prepare for a major shift toward computer instruction and automated geography in the late 1980s. Long term effects will include improved contributions by geographers to national and international policy analyses, a greater emphasis on team-work and sharing, stronger ties with other disciplines, and a generally more viable discipline.     

信息化时代的地图学

首先简要论述了信息化时代地图学作为科学与技术的含义和任务 ,然后从地图学着重点的转移、地图学功能的扩展与延伸、地图学的新的生长点和地图制图生产的自动化等四个方面 ,分析了信息化时代地图学的特征。