基于卓越工程师培养诉求的教学改革的理性思考——面向CDIO理念的地图学教改构想

文章根据卓越工程师的培养诉求,基于科学发展观,对地图学的教学现状进行了反思,对改革进行了构想,确立了"强化内涵"、"巩固外延"、突出"特色资源"的教改思路.提出了教学中要努力实现师生关系"人性化"、教学手段"现代化"、教学内容"科学化"、教学方式"多样化"、实践教学"工程化"、评价体系"客观化"的教改设想.作者认为教学...     

Study of the spatial and historical distribution of sediment inorganic contamination in the Toulon bay (France)

This study presents trace elements levels in surface and deep sediments of the Toulon bay (SE France) subjected to anthropogenic inputs (navy base, harbors, etc.). The studied elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn) are defined as priority contaminants in aquatic systems. Fifty-five points scattered on the entire bay were sampled, allowing the determination of contaminants distribution with a high resolution. Several approaches were used to assess the degree of contamination and the potential toxicity of the Toulon bay sediments: comparison to the French legislation, surface-weighted average metal concentrations, enrichment factors (EF), geoaccumulation indices (Igeo), trace element stock calculation and comparison to sediment quality guidelines. A principal component analysis was performed to reveal common behavior of the studied contaminants. Results demonstrated the very high contamination of the small bay, especially in Hg (EF up to 1500), Cu, Pb and Zn, with export to the large bay further governed by hydrodynamics.     

活动断层自动化制图关键技术研究

地图制图的自动化可以大大提高制图的效率和规范性.如何实现高质量的自动化制图成为地理信息科学重要的研究内容之一.文中探讨了自动化制图的流程;结合城市活动断层探测项目的实际情况,提出了增加自动匹配检查、拓扑检查两项辅助技术,用以保障制图质量;最后,设计系统实现了活动断层制图的自动化.系统所采用的技术和方法,对于其他如气候、...     

HUMBOLDT'S NODES AND MODES OF INTERDISCIPLINARY ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE IN THE ANDEAN WORLD*

ABSTRACT. Alexander von Humboldt engaged in a staggering array of diverse experiences in the Andes and adjoining lowlands of northwestern South America between 1801 and 1803. Yet examination of Humboldt's diaries, letters, and published works shows how his principal activities in the Andes centered on three interests: mining and geological landscapes; communications and cartography; and use and distribution of the quinine‐yielding cinchona trees. Each node represented a pragmatic concern dealing with environmental resources in the context of the Andes. To pursue these interests in his Andean field studies, Humboldt relied on varied cultural interactions and vast social networks for knowledge exchange, in addition to extensive textual comparisons. These modes of inquiry dovetailed with his pragmatic interests and his open‐ended intellectual curiosity. Fertile combinations in his Andean studies provided the foundation and main testing ground for Humboldt's fused nature‐culture approach as well as his contributions to early geography and interdisciplinary environmental science.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Main Street: Northeastern Oregon: The Founding and Development of Small Towns . Barbara Ruth Bailey . Food Politics: The Regional Conflict . David N. Balaam and Michael J. Carey , eds. The International Economy and Industrial Development: Trade and Investment in the Third World . R. Ballance , J. Ansari and H. Singer . Neighborhoods in Urban America . Ronald H. Bayor , ed. The English Heartland . By Robert Beckinsale and Monica Beckinsale . Regional Dimensions of Industrial Policy . Michael E. Bell and Paul S. Lande , eds. Tension Areas of the World . D. Gordon Bennett , ed. Latin America: an Introductory Survey . B. W. Blouet and O. M. Blouet , eds. Integration and Division: Geographical Perspectives on the Northern Ireland Problem . Frederick W. Boal and J. Neville H. Douglas , eds. Energy and Land Use . Robert W. Burchell and David Listokin , eds. Slopes and Weathering . Michael Clarke and John Small . Alaska's Rural Development . Peter G. Cornwall and Gerald Mc Beath , eds. The Politics of Park Design: A History of Urban Parks in America . Galen Cranz . World Congress on Land Policy, 1980, Proceedings . Matthew Cullen and Sharon Woolery , eds. Oregon Divided: A Regional Geography . Samuel N. Dicken and Emily F. Dicken . Urban Food Marketing and Third World Rural Development . T. Scarlett Epstein . South Africa: Spatial Frameworks for Development . T. J. D. Fair . Institutions and Geographical Patterns . Robin Flowerdew , ed. Industrialization of U.S. Agriculture, An Interpretive Atlas . Howard F. Gregor . Planning Theory: Prospects for the 1980s . Patsy Healy , Glen Mc Dougall and Michael J. Thomas , eds. Neighborhood Mobilization: Redevelopment and Response . Jeffrey R. Henig . The American Urban System: A Geographical Perspective . R. J. Johnston . Climate, History and the Modern World . Hubert H. Lamb . Climate and History: Studies in Past Climates and Their Impact on Man . T. M. L. Wigley , M. J. Ingram and G. Farmer . China: Railways and Agricultural Development, 1875–1935 . Ernest P. Liang . A Desirable Energy Future—A National Perspective . Robert S. Livingston , T. D. Anderson , T. M. Besmann , M. Olszewski , A. M. Perry , and C. D. West . Topothesia: Essays Presented to T. S. Ó Máille . B. S. Mac Aodha , ed. Transportation for the Poor: Research in Rural Mobility . Hal S. Maggied . Land Uses in American Cities . Harold M. Mayer and Charles R. Haves . Industrial Organisation and Location . Philip Mc Dermott and Michael Taylor . Human Adaptability: an Introduction to Ecological Anthropology . Emilio F. Moran . Regional Analysis and the New International Division of Labor . Frank Moulaert and Patricia W. Salinas , eds. The Nuclear War Atlas. Victoriaville, Quebec, Canada : Urbanization and Environmental Quality . Isao Orishimo . The Garden of Eden: The Botanic Garden and the Re-Creation of Paradise . John Prest . Earthfire, The Eruption of Mount St. Helens . Charles Rosenfeld and Robert Cooke . Contest for the South China Sea . Marwyn S. Samuels . The Future of the Wetlands: Assessing Visual-Cultural Values . Richard C. Smardon , ed. Tucson: the Life and Times of An American City. C. L. Sonnichsen . The Geography of Multinationals . Michael Taylor and Nigel Thrift , eds. Impact of Marine Pollution on Society . Virginia Tippie and Dana Kester . Reviving the Industrial City: the Politics of Urban Renewal in Lyon and Birmingham . Jerry A. Webman . Andean Reflections: Letters from Carl O. Sauer While on a South American Trip under a Grant from the Rockefeller Foundation, 1942 . Robert C. West , ed. Cartographic Drawing with Computers . P. Yoeli .     

地图制图标记语言的概念与模式研究

尝试通过将制图过程的数据流进行分解,实施制图过程的内容、表达与实现过程的分离,从而解决地理数据模型与地图制图模型的协调问题。以ISO/DIS 19117和可扩展标记语言(XML,e Xtensible Markup Language)技术为基础,提出地图制图标记语言的概念与模式,分析其特点,并以实验验证。     

1∶10 000地形图建库数据自动转换成制图数据的设计

在数字制图环境下,传统制图地图以其“固定”信息方式在人们获取地理信息方面尚具有不可替代的优势.本文在总结建库数据与制图数据的差异及转化过程的基础上,阐述了基于ODA(Open Design Alliance)的软件开发库Teigha实现1∶10 000地形图建库数据(MDB格式)到制图数据(DWG格式)的转换工具插件的编制过程和方法,解决了人工转换工作量大、差错率高的问题,可用于规模化出图,并能够提高数据分发和服务能力.     

面向矢量数据综合处理的实用工具设计与开发

基于已有技术进行基础地理信息矢量数据综合处理工具软件开发的背景和需求,对功能框架、运行环境、开发语言进行简要介绍,并重点对开发中采用的关键技术进行详细说明。最后,给出具体的开发应用实例,并通过与同类软件对比,指出该实用工具软件的特色。本文设计与开发的矢量数据综合处理工具软件能批量处理各种比例尺DLG成图与入库、地理国情普查数据整合与检查,切实解决部分商用地理信息软件在大批量数据建库自动化程度低、质量检查内容不全面、更新与维护不及时等问题,有效地提高了工作效率,可为其他一线测绘生产单位提供参考借鉴。     

楼宇信息管理系统的电子地图设计与制作

近年来,GIS在电信行业中不断地发展和推广,基于楼宇的信息管理系统应用前景非常广泛。本文介绍了北京联通楼宇信息管理系统中的电子地图设计与制作流程。通过楼宇信息管理系统中空间数据的相关细节与规格,为楼宇信息管理系统的空间数据建设提供了数据标准及规范。该电子地图设计与制作的流程对其余电信资源管理系统和类似项目具有较好的参考价值。     

南海制图的中美对比分析——基于批判制图学视角

运用文本分析,从中美关于南海制图的特点及差异着手,探讨了中美制图所表达的南海领域化过程以及地图对于领域化实践的作用。研究发现：1）中美制图中南海海域范围、岛礁地名及海疆边界表达的演变,是国家权力影响制图的表现。2）中美南海制图差异源于维护国家核心利益的需求：中国通过制图（再）领域化,对内加强南海海域管控,强化国民海权意识,对外宣示南海主权;美国通过制图（去）再领域化,强调南海的公海和多国属性。3）地图作为领域化工具,能够在国际舞台上讲述中国人的南海故事,也能清晰表达中国对南海诸岛和附近水域拥有主权的一贯和明确立场。应从地图维权、地图创新、地图宣传等方面加强对南海的领域化表达,使地图在南海海洋国土治理中发挥更重要的作用。